1. economy
(1) n.[C]the relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular country or region;[C,U] the use of the time money etc. that is available in a way that avoid waste 经济，经济状况；节约，节省
e.g.
The economy of the world is in recession .世界经济处于衰退之中。
His views on knowledge economy have been accepted with many people.
他关于知识经济的观点得到很多人的认可。
We need to make substantial economies.我们要厉行节约。
She writes with a great economy of words.她写作文字非常简练。
构词解析：
economic 有关经济的（抽象） economical 经济的（侧重“节约”）经济学economics经济学 economist 经济学家
Practice
1．The car is quite (节省的) of petrol。
A. economic B. economical C. saving D. sparing
2. 他爸爸是经济学家。
.
key for reference
1. B 2．His father is an economist.
2. congratulation
（1）n used when you want to say to sb. that you are happy about their good luck or success.
恭喜（多用作复数）
e.g.
-----We’re getting married! -------我们要结婚了！
-----Congratulations！ ------- 恭喜！恭喜！
Congratulations on your winning the prize 。
祝贺你获奖。
（2） vt. to tell sb. that you are pleased about their success or achievement; to feel pleased and proud 向某人道贺；感到自豪
常用结构： congratulate sb on sth / doing sth congratulate oneself on doing sth
eg
We congratulated him on having passed the examination.
我们恭喜他考试及格。
I congratulated them all on their results.
我为他们取得的成就向他们所有的人表示祝贺。
You really should congratulate yourself on your action; you are wonderful.
你真该为自己的表现自豪，你太棒了。
Practice
Put the following sentences into Chinese.
1.You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.
.
2.Congratulations on your exam results.
.
key for reference
1.你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
2.祝贺你考出了好成绩。
3. aboard adv；prep on or onto a ship, plane, bus or train 在（船，飞机，公共汽车，火车等）上；上（船，飞机，公共汽车，火车等）
eg
We finally went aboard. 我们终于上船了。
He was already aboard the plane. 他已经登机了。
All aboard! 各位，请上车（船，飞机）
Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐！
（2）常用短语 on board be on/ onto a ship, plane, bus or train
e.g.
We went on board the plane.我们登上了飞机。
Everybody on board was worried. 船上的人都很着急。
Practice
Put the following sentences into Chinese.
1.They went home aboard a train.
________________________________
2.The ship is ready leave for Qingdao all aboard.
________________________________
key for reference
1.他们乘火车回家。
2.船就要开往青岛，所有乘客请上船。
4. historical adj. usually describes sth that is connected with the past or with the study of history历史性的
e.g..
You must place these events in their historical back ground.
必须把这些事情同它们的历史背景联系起来。
I watched a historical play on TV last night.昨晚我看了一部历史剧。
词语解析：
historic is usually used to describe sth that is so important that it is likely to be remembered.
具有历史意义的。
eg.
Today is a historic occasion for our country.对我们国家来说，今天是具有历史意义的一天。
The area is of special historic interest.这个地区有特别的历史意义。
Practice
1. Put the following sentence into Chinese.
The meeting between chairman Lian Zhan and General Secretory HuJintao is a historic
one.
2. Correction:
He has been doing some historic research. ____________
Key to reference
1.连战主席和胡锦涛总书记的会面是一次具有历史意义的会见。
2.historic改为historical。
5．Welcome
(1)vt. to greet sb in a friendly way when they arrive somewhere 欢迎，迎接
eg.
We were at the door to welcome them.我们在门口迎接他们。
They welcomed the new comers with enthusiasm.他们热烈欢迎新生。
（2）adj. received with or giving pleasure 受人欢迎的
welcome to sth/to do (作表语)可随意，取用某物或做某事
e.g.
Your money is extremely welcome just now.你这笔钱正好解燃眉之急。
We had the feeling that we were not welcome at the meeting.我们感到人家不欢迎我们到会。
You are welcome to any books you would like to borrow.你不必客气，可以随时用我的车。
You are welcome to any books you would like to borrow.你想借什么书就借什么书好了。
常见短语：
You’re welcome: there is no need to thank me. 不用谢，别客气。
e.g.
“Thanks so much for all your help.”
“You are welcome.”
“谢谢你的帮助。”“不客气。”
（3）n. greeting or reception, esp a kind or glad one. 欢迎。
e.g..
She was touched by the warmth of their welcome.他们热情地欢迎她，她很感动。
（4）interj greeting used by a person who is already in a place to one who is arriving.(迎接时用的招呼用语)欢迎。
Welcome! Come in and meet my parents .欢迎！进来见见我父母。
Practice
1.我们一到门口，孩子就来欢迎我们。
We at the door by the children.
2.The victors were given a warm welcome when they arrived home.
.
3.欢迎回来。
.
4.欢迎她随时到这里来。
.
Key for reference
1.were welcomed.
2.凯旋者受到热烈欢迎。
3.Welcome back.
4.She’s welcome to stay here whenever she likes.
6. delighted
(1)adj. very pleased 高兴的，愉快的
常用结构：delighted to do sth/ delighted that
delighted by /at/with sth
e.g.
I’d be absolutely delighted to come.我很乐意前来。
I was delighted that you could stay.你能留下来我很高兴。
She was delighted at /by the news of the wedding.听到婚礼的消息她很高兴。
（2）delight vt. to give sb a lot of pleasure and enjoyment
eg. 使高兴，使快乐
His singing delighted us.他的歌声令我们喜悦。
He often delighted his children with his magic.他时常以魔术逗小孩高兴。
（3）n. [U] a feeling of great pleasure高兴，愉快；; [C] something that gives you great pleasure令人高兴的事，乐事
e.g.
Travelling is my great delight.旅行是我最大的乐事。
She won the game easily, to the delight of all her fans.
这场比赛她赢得很轻松，令所有的崇拜者大为高兴。
Practice
1. Multiple choice
We were very much at the good news.
A. delighting B. delighted C. pleasant D. pleasing
2. Complete the sentences.
这消息将使全世界崇拜他的人都感到高兴。
The news ___________ his fans _____ ______ ______ ______.
3.女儿考上了北京大学，令他欣喜万分。
， her daughter was admitted to Beijing University.
Key for reference
1.B.
3.This news will delight his fans all over the world.
4.To his great delight
7. part
(1)n. [C] [U] a section; an essential, separable component of a piece of equipment or a machine; the role of an actor in a play. 部分；零件；角色。
e. g.
They spent （a）part of their holiday in France.他们假期有一段时间是在法国度过的。
There is something wrong with the working parts of the machine.机器的操作部件出了毛病。
Which part do you play?你演哪一个角色？
（2）常用搭配：
① act/ play a part in: be involved in an activity; make a contribution to sth
参加某活动；对某事起作用，有贡献
e.g.
She plays an active part in local politics.她积极参与地方政治活动。
He played a major part in the success of the plan.他对成功完成计划起了重要作用。
② take part in , have a share or role in sth with others 参加，参与某事
e.g.
How many students will take part in the discussion？有多少学生要参加讨论？
The best players from all over the world will take part in the Olympic Games.
世界各地的优秀运动员将参加奥运会。
Practice
1.He played a leading part in the movement.
.
2.He often acts the part of Sun Wukong in the play.
.
3.How many countries will be take part in the world cup?
.
Key for reference
1.他在那次运动中担任领导的任务。
2.在剧中他经常演孙悟空。
3.有多少国家要参加世界杯赛？
II. Background
The first newspaper was written by hand and put up on walls in public palaces . The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59B.C. In the 700’s the world’s first printed newspaper was published. Europe didn’t have a regularly published newspaper until 1609,when one was started in Germany.
The first regularly published newspaper in England was printed in Amsterdam in 1620. In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week. The first daily English newspaper was the Daily Courtant, which came out in March 1702.
In 1690, Beijamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper. In 1704, John Campbell started the Boston newspaper ,the first newspaper published daily the American Colonies（1）. By 1760, the colonies had more than thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1800 daily papers in the United States.
Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation（2）in the world. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun. It sells more than eleven million copies every year.
注解：
（1）Colonies: 殖民地 （2）circulation： 发行量
Language Study
1.The Beijing Space Control Centre said the flight was a “complete success”
== The Beijing Space Control Centre said the flight was a completely successful flight.
北京航天控制中心说这次飞行完全成功。
success
(1) n. [U] the fact that you have achieved sth that you want and have been trying to do or get 成功；胜利 success in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事上取得成功
e.g.
He didn’t have much success in finding a job.他找工作没有什么结果。
What’s the secret of your success? 你成功的秘诀是什么？
（2）n．[C] a person or thing that has achieved a good result and been successful 成功的人或事
e.g.
The party was a big success.聚会非常成功。
She’s proud of her daughter’s successes.她为女儿的种种成就感到自豪。
以下名词作不可数名词用时，表示抽象概念，用作可数名词时，表示具体的人或事物。
beauty n. [C] a person or thing that is beautiful. 美人，美好的东西
honour n. [C] a person or thing that brings great pride and pleasure光荣的人或事物
pleasure n. [C] a thing that make you happy or satisfied.
e.g.
She had been a beauty in her day.她年轻时是个美人。
She is an honour to the profession.她是这一行业的光荣。
Everyone can enjoy the pleasures and pains of everyday life.
每个人都能尝到日常生活的苦与乐。
（3）构词解析：
success n.成就,成功, 成功的人或事物；succeed vi. 成功; successful adj..成功的,一帆风顺的, successfully adv..成功地,顺利地
Practice
1.在这里生活的好处之一是安宁。
.
2.她是一个成功的作家。
.
3.我说服他放弃了那个想法。
.
4.我们祝贺他们工程胜利竣工。
.
5.我们很高兴认识你。
.
Key for reference
1.One of the beauties of living here is that it’s so peaceful.
2.She is a success as a writer.
3.I succeeded in advising him to give up his idea.
4.We congratulated them on the successful completion.
5.It’s a pleasure to meet you .
2.When Yang took off from Jiuquan in northwest China at 9 am. Yesterday, China became the third nation to send a man into space。
== When Yang began to flight from Jiuquan in northwest China at 9am. Yesterday, China became the third nation that sends a man into space.
昨天晚上9点杨利伟从中国西北部起飞时，中国成为世界上第三个把人送入太空的国家
(1). take off (1) to leave the ground and begin to fly 起飞
e.g.
The plane took off an hour late.飞机起飞晚了一小时。
(2). to remove sth, especially a piece of clothing from sb’s body 脱下
e.g.
He took off wet boots and sat by the fire.
他脱掉湿漉漉的靴子，在火炉旁坐了下来。
（3）拓展 take 相关短语
take for认为，误认为；take in收留；欺骗; tale on 呈现；take over接管; take up占用（时间），占据空间
e.g.
Even the experts took the painting for a genuine Van Gogh.
连行家都误认为这幅画是凡?高的真迹。
He was homeless, so we took him in.他无家可归，我们就收留了他。
His voice took on a more serious tone .
他说话的语气变得严肃起来。
The firm has been taken over by Mr. Zhang该公司已被张先生接管了。
Her time is fully taken up with writing.
她把时间全都用在了写作上。
Practice
Put the following sentences into English：
1.他的一番花言巧语完全把我蒙骗住了。
.
2.我不再占用你的时间了。
.
3.尽管有雾，飞机仍旧照常起飞。
.
4.一些动物可以变成周围环境的颜色来保护自己。
.
5.那家公司以购买我们公司股票的方式收购了我们公司。
.
Key for reference
1.He took me in completely with her story.
2.I won’t take up any more of your time.
3.The plane took off despite the fog.
4.Some animals can take on the colours of their background to protect themselves.
5.The company has taken over our firm by buying shares.
2) to send a man into space === that makes a man be taken into space 把人送入太空的….. 动词不定式短语作定语，修饰 序数词， the last， the only 后最高级等限定的名词时，用动词不定式而不用分词作定语。
e.g.
She is usually the first person to arrive at the school every day.
每天她通常是第一个到学校的人。
He was the only one to survive the crash.
他是飞机坠毁中的唯一生还者。
Practice
I will be the last person ---- if some asks us to.
A. playing B. to play C. palyed D. plays
Key for reference
答案： B
3.Yang is the 438 the person to travel in space, including astronauts from32 countries
= Yang is the 438th person who travels in space, astronauts who come from 32 countries included.
包括来自32个国家的宇航员在内，杨利伟是第438个在太空旅行的人。
including prep. having sth as part of a group or set . 包括… 在内
e.g.
I’ve got three day’s holiday including NewYear’s Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
It’s $7.5, including tax.
包括税款在内共7.5美元。
构词解析：
including prep. 包括；include vt. 包括; included prep.（置于名词后）包括
Practice
1. Englishi?eight people were present, the chairman.
A. included B. include C. including D. includes
2. This book all information you need.
A. contains B. holds C. includes D. contain
Key for reference
1.C 2.A
4.In tatal, these astronauts have spent more than 26,000 days in space
== In all, these astronauts have stayed in space for over 26,000 days.
这些宇航员总共在宇宙呆的时间已经超过了26，000天。
(1). total
① n. [C] the amount you get when you add several numbers or amounts together 总数
e.g.
Out of a total 15games, they only won 2. 总共15场比赛中， 他们只胜了2场。
The total of the cost is 800 yuan. 花费总数是800元。
常见短语：
in total= in all 总计
e.g.
In total I have 5000 yuan.
我总共有5000元钱。
② adj. being the amount or number after everything or everyone is counted or added together. 总计的，全体的
e.g.
What’s the total population of the city? 这个城市的人口总数四多少？
（3）vt. to reach a particular total 共计
e.g.
Each student’s marks were totaled and entered in a list.
每个学生的总分都已计算出来并列入表中。
Practice:
Put the following sentences into Chinese.
1.The total score is one hundred and fifty.
_________________________________________
2.In total, there must have been 50,000 people there.
________________________________________
Key for reference
1.满分是150分。
2.总计有五万人在那儿。
(1)more than
① over 多于
e.g.
He weighs more than 200 pounds他有200多镑重。
② not only 不仅仅
e.g.
She is more than a teacher to us. He is also a good friend to us.
她不仅仅是我们的老师，还是我们的好朋友。
(3)辨析not more than 与no more than: not more…….than no more ……than
not more than at most 不超过; no more than: 仅仅,只有
e.g.
There are not more than 8 people in the office.办公室里的人不超过8个。
The pipe is no more than 10 feet long.这根管子仅仅十英尺长。
not more……..than== not so ….. as 不比，不如
e.g.
This book is not more interesting than that one.
这本书不如那部有趣。
no more …… than : neither 与……一样不
e.g.
Jane is no more careful than Tom.
简和汤姆都不小心。
Practice
Bamboo can be used for building.
A. more than B. less than C. not more than D. no more than
Key for reference
A
6.Now that I have made this first visit.I hope I can come many more times == Since I have come for the first time, I believe I can come often.
既然已经有了第一次，那么我希望将来能常来。
now that conj. Since 既然
e.g.
Now that kids have left home, we’ve got a lot of extra space.
孩子们都离开家，我们住着就更宽绰了。
Now that a lot of people , can make mistakes in life, you’ll better give him a chance.
既然许多人在生活中都可以犯错误，你最好给他一次机会。
Practice
that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.
A. For B. Now C. Since D. Despite
Key for reference
B
7.You don’t believe in aliens, do you ?=== You don’t feel certain that aliens exist, do you?
你不相信有外星人，是吗？
believe vt. to accept as true; to think
相信，信任；认为
e. g.
I don’t believe you.
我不相信你的话。
I believe she has come.
我想她已经到了。
常见短语：
believe in sb/ sth to feel certain that sb/ sth exists 相信某人某物的存在
e.g.
I don’t believe in ghosts.
我不相信有鬼。
辨析： believe sb. & believe in sb.
believe sb.== believe what sb says
相信某人的话。
believe in sb== to feel that you can trust sb 信任（信赖）某人
e.g. .
I believe him, but I don’t believe in him.
我相信他的话，但 信任他。
Practice
Translate the sentences into English.
1．我相信，离开这个城市你会后悔的。
.
2．我发现他说的话一个字都不能信。
.
3．基督徒（Christian）信耶酥。
.
Key for reference
1.I believed (that) you will regre leaving the city.
2.I find it impossible to believe a single word he says.
3.Christians believe in Jesus.
Grammar Exploration
Grammar (Ⅰ) 时间状语从句
一. 引导时间状语从句的连词除了 when，while 和as（在Module 3已经学习过）外，常见的还有：as, after, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as long as , as soon as.
e.g
Soon after Mom returned, the child brought up.
妈妈回来后不久，这孩子就呕吐了。
Since I was child, I have lived in England.
我从小就住在英格兰。
Wait until you are called.
等着叫你吧。
二. 一些表示时间的副词或短语也可以引导状语从句。
常用的有 directly, immediately； instantly； the minute， the day； next time；every time；
each time 等。
e.g.
Directly her mother was out of her sight, the little girl cried?
We’ll leave the minute you are ready.
你准备好了我们就走。
Next time you come, please bring your composition.
你下次来，请把作文带来。
Grammar（Ⅱ）原因状语从句
一. 引导原因状语从句的连词主要有because， as ， since， now that等。
1. because 所表示的原因有强烈的因果关系。 从句放在主句后。 回答why 提出的问题时，一定要用because。
e.g.
I do it because I like it.
我们做这件事是因为我喜欢。
-------- Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday？
-------- Because I attended an important meeting.
-----你昨晚为什么没来参加晚会？
------- 因为我参加了一个重要会议。
2. since 一般表示对方已知的，无需加以说明的既成事实的理由，全句中心在主句，语气比because弱，常译为“既然”。 now that 与 since 意思。接近，表示“既然，鉴于”。Since，now that 引导的从句常放在句首。
e.g.
Since/Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你长大了，就不应该依靠父母。
Since/ Now that a lot of people can make mistakes in life, you’d better give him a chance.
既然很多人都会在生活中犯错误，你最好给他一次机会。
3. as 表示十分明显的原因。一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句。语气比because， since弱，常译为“由于”， as引导的从句常放在句首。
e.g.
As it is snowing， we shall not go to the park。
由于正在下雪，我们不去公园了。
4. for： “因为”，但它不是从属连词，而是并列连词。不是用来说明，补充解释或表示一种推理，所以for 引导的句子一般不放在句首。
e.g.
We must start early, for we have a long way to .
我们得早点出发，因为我们有很长一段路要走。
He must have done it by himself, for there was no one else in the room.
他肯定是自己做完的，因为房间里没有其他人。
Practice
1． It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. what D. before
2． We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station.
A. While B. until C. while D. wherever
3． Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing.
A. as B. before C. since D. when
4． Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is needed.
A. unless B. since C. although D. when
5． He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
6．. It was she caught a bad cold that she didn’t go to school.
A. as B. because C. for D. since
7. It’s daybreak, the birds are singing.
A. because B. since C. for D. as
8. I had a cold, I didn’t go to school.
A. Now that B. Since C. For D. As
9. you need this dictionary, you may take it.
A. Because B. Since C. for D. As
10. you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
Key for reference
1-5:DBBDC 6-10:BCDBA
V． Language Skills
1.Multiple Choice ：
1. We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance examination.
A. under B. behind C. back D. on
2．Her mother is as a middle school teacher.
A. a great successful B. a great success C. greatly success D. succeeded greatly
3．You’ll have to wait for one more week the manager comes back from her trip.
A. after B. until C. when D. before
4．This book all the information you need.
A. contains B. holds. C. includes D. contain
5． , he has made rapid progress in study.
A. To me delight B. To my delight C. For my delight D. To my delighted
1. D祝贺某人某事：offer sb one’s congratulations on sth. 句意为：我们祝贺他考取了大学。
2.: B success用作可数名词意为“成功的人或事”。句意为：她妈妈是一位成功的中学教师。
3. B句意；你将不得不再等一个星期，直到经理回来。 after在…之后；until直到…时候；when当…时候；before在…以前
4. A句意：这本书包括所有你需要的信息。contain包含整体；include包含整体中的部分；hold容纳。
5. B句意：令我高兴的是，他在学习上取得了很快的进步。to one’s delight令某人高兴的是
2. Fill in the blanks according to the first letter or Chinese words given.（每空一词）。
1. Vienna is real c centre for music lovers.
2. She was d to receive the invitation and decided to accept it .
3. He retired, so a younger workmates r him as manager of the company.
4. You all get a wonderful sense of a when you reach the top of the mountain.
5. Yang Liwei’s success in the space flight was a h event not only in China but also in the world.
6. There wasn’t enough （证据）that he was guilty.
7. She left school for （经济的）reasons.
8. （祝贺）on winning the prize.
9. It was on October 1,1949 that the People’s Republic of China was （建立）.
10. She took many beautiful （照片）while visiting the West Lake..
Key for reference：
1. cultural 2. delighted 3. replaced 4. achievement 5. historical
6.evidence 7. economic 8. congratulations 9. founded 10. photographs
VI Task Design
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