Language Points of Warming and Reading
1.characteristic 【课文原句】
characteristic 1)n..特征；特性
和蔼是他的特性之一。Kindness is one of his characteristics.
2) adj.典型的，作为能突出人或者东西的特征的；独特的
我听到我朋友那有特色的笑声。I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.
常见搭配：be characteristic of 是……的特性
他就是这么迟钝。Such bluntness is characteristic of him.
2．put forward 【课文原句】
put forward 1)提出（计划，主意等）2）推荐，提名 3）（把时钟指针）往前拨；将……提前
①他提出一项计划让全体委员审议。He put forward a plan for the committee to consider.
②as the candidate for the chairman of the committee?
③记住今晚把时钟指针往前拨。Remember to put your clock forward tonight.
④我们已把婚礼提前了一周。We’ve put the wedding forward by one week.
知识链接：put aside 把……放在一边，把……搁置起来 put away把 ……收起来，储蓄
put through 接通电话，完成put back 把……放回原处put down 放下，记下镇压
put up 举起，建造，张贴 put off 推迟 put out熄灭
活学活用：The workers will go on strike if the demands they are turned down.
A. put aside B. put through C. put forward D. put away
3．conclude vt.&vi.结束；得出结论；推断出；断定。
1）我们将以国歌结束我们的音乐会。We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem.
2）从证据来看我敢断定你错了。From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.
conclusion n.结论
come to /reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出结论
4.expert 【课文原句】
expert 1) adj 内行的；老练的；熟练的 常与at或 in连用
根据专家的建议 according to expert advice
熟练的骑手an expert driver
他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的饭菜。He is expert at/in cooking good cheap meals.
expert 2)n. 专家，能手 常与at或 in/on连用
①农业/数学/心理学专家 an expert in agriculture/mathematics/psychology
②凯特是个幼儿教育专家。Kate is an expert in /at/ on teaching small children.
5.attend vt.&vi. 1)照顾，照料，护理
①除了Tina.，再无人照顾他了。There was no one to attend him but Tina.
②哪位护士在照顾你？Which nurse is attending to you?
2）参加，出席
昨天他没有参加会议。He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.
知识链接：attendance n.出席，参加 attendant n.侍者，服务员 attend to 处理，对付；照料attend school/church 去上学/ 做礼拜attend a meeting/ a lecture参加会议/听演讲
辨析：attend, join , join in与 take part in
1）attend 出席，参加（会议、仪式、婚礼等），不强调参加者在活动中所起的作用。
2）join参加组织、团体，并成为其中一员；加入一群人，并和他们一起活动
3）join in参加（某活动），也可用在 join sb. in sth.的结构中，表示加入某人一起做某事
4）take part in参加（某活动），并在其中起作用
活学活用：He told me that he had an important party to that night.
A. attend B. join C. join in D .take part in
6．expose 【课文原句】
expose vt.1）使暴露；使面临；使处于无遮蔽或不受保护的状态；使受影响；
常见句型：expose sth./sb./oneself to sth
①留在屋里，不要让皮肤在太阳下暴晒。Keep indoors and don’t expose your skin to the sun.
②使士兵冒不必要的危险expose soldiers to unnecessary risks
③遭受批评/嘲笑 expose oneself to criticism/ ridicule
④婴儿被离弃在风雨之中。The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.
⑤接触英语达六年左右的学生a student who has been exposed to English for some six years
2）揭露，揭发；暴露；使曝光
① 揭发阴谋/犯罪行为expose a plot/ crime
② 他说了那句不妥的话，暴露了他对此事的无知。That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject.
③使一卷底片曝光expose a reel of film
7.challenge【课文原句】
Challenge 1)n. 挑战，具有挑战性的事物。常见结构：
face the challenge 遇到问题，面对挑战
accept a challenge接受挑战
issue/offer a challenge提出挑战
他接到电视辩论的挑战。He received a challenge to a TV debate.(常与to连用)
2）v.向挑战……挑战challenge sb.to sth.就某事向某人挑战
①他们向我们提出开展友谊竞赛。They challenge us to a friendly competition.
②他们的学校向我们学校挑战，要进行足球比赛。Their school challenged ours to a football match.
8.control 【课文原句】
1) v.控制
①政府试图极力控制物价。The government tries its best to control prices.
②他无法控制自己的愤怒情绪。He cannot control his anger.
2) n.控制；统治；掌握
常用语下列短语：lose control of /be out of control of /go out of control of 对某事失去控制；
in control of控制……； under the control of 被……控制着
①司机未能控制好车，撞到树上了。The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.
②布朗先生管理钱财。Mr. Brown is in control of the money.
③这笔钱在布朗先生的掌控之下。This money is under the control of Mr. Brown..
9.suggest 【课文原句】
1) .suggest作“暗示，表明，意味着”讲时接的宾语从句用陈述语序。
她的口音表明她来自南方。Her accent suggested that she was from the South.
2）suggest作“建议”讲时要接的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用(should)+动词原形, should可以省略。
我建议我们去上海。I suggested that we( should )go to Shanghai.
活学活用：What all the doctors in the hospital said suggested that he badly wounded and they suggested that he at once. A.should be; be operated on B.were; must be operated on
C.were; should be operated on D.was ;be operated on
10.absorb 【课文原句】
absorb vt. 1)吸收
①干土吸水快。Dry earth absorbs water quickly.
②他们吸收了大量的罗马文化。They absorbed a great deal of Roman culture.
2)吸引；使专心；使全神贯注
小姑娘正在全神贯注地阅读一篇故事。The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale.
常见结构： be absorbed in全神贯注于 absorb …from 从……中吸收be absorbed by 被……吞并；为……所吸收 absorb sb.’s attention引起某人的注意
For the next two hours she was the film, so she didn’t notice what happened around her.
A. engaged in B.busy in C.absorbed in D. occupied with
11.severe 【课文原句】
Severe adj. 1)严重的；剧烈的；强烈的
激烈的竞争severe competition
严寒的天气sever cold
剧痛severe pain
强风暴a severe storm
牙痛的剧烈发作a severe attack of toothache
2）严厉的；苛刻的；严格的
苛刻的主人a severe master
严父a severe father
严肃的神色severe look
严格的纪律a severe discipline
对孩子严厉be severe with one’s children
12. be to blame【课文原句】
be to blame“该受责备的，应负责任 ”通常用主动形式表被动意义。
我们认为你不应该受责备。We consider that you are not to blame.
拓展：blame 1）vt. 指责；归咎于；归因于。常见结构：
blame sb. for sth./doing sth责备某人（做了）某事
blame sth. on sb.把……归咎于某人
他们把此次错误归咎于乔治(George ).They blame George for the failure of the action./They blame the failure of the action on George.
2)vi. 常见结构sb/sth is to blame for sth.某人（某事）应负……的责任；……是……的起因
对造成此次欧洲最严重的失业，该政策应负部分责任。The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment.
3)n. 责任；过失；责备。常见结构：
take the blame for 承担……的责任
lay/put the blame for sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人
13.handle 【课文原句】
handle 1) n.柄，把手
门，杯子，抽屉的把手 a door/cup/drawer handle
2)v.处理，应付，控制
①我管不住孩子们。I can’t handle children.
②她巧妙地应付了一场艰难的辩论。She handled a difficult argument skilfully..
14.link 【课文原句】
.link 1) v. 连接 常与介词to,together,with等连用，意为“把……连接以来”
这两个城镇有一条铁路连接起来。A railway links the two towns together.=The two towns are linked by a railway.=This town is linked to/with that one by a railway.
2) n.连接，联系，关系，环
吸烟和癌症密切有关。There is a close link between smoking and lung cancer.
15.have sth. done【课文原句】
have sth. done常用于1）请/让别人做某事 2）经历/遭遇（一些不好的事）
1）我们请了一位过路人给我们拍照。We had our photo taken by a passer-by.(=We had a passer-by take our photo.)
2）她在回家的路上钱包被偷了。She had her purse stolen on her way home.
区别：have sb. do.使某人做某事 have sb./sth. doing使某人或者某物一直处于某种状态。
The director had her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting.
A. picked up B. picks up C .pick up D. picking up
16.announce 【课文原句】
Announce vt. 宣布，宣告；通报；预告
1）鲜艳的花朵和翠绿的树木表明春天到了。The bright flowers and green trees announced that spring was here.
2）他们预告说不久寒流就要到来。They announced that a cold wave would come soon.
知识链接：announcement n.宣告；宣布 announcer宣布者，广播员
It has been announced that…已宣布……
17.defeat 【课文原句】
1)vt. 击败；战胜；挫败 他三盘击败了冠军。He defeated the champion in three sets.
2)n.击败；失败 今年我们失败过两次。We had two defeats this year.
辨析：defeat/ beat/win
1)defeat 和beat意义与用法相似，一般可以互换，两者通常接表示人或团体的名词或代词作宾语。但beat侧重于在比赛中击败对手，defeat既可在比赛中也可在战场上击败对手。
①我们终于战胜了敌人。We defeated the enemy at last.
②昨天下棋我赢了约翰。I beat/defeated John at chess yesterday.
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