Language Points
Reading:
1. I am talking to you about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
waste名词(不可数)、形容词、动词
1)认为它是一张废纸,他们可能把它扔掉了.
They probably threw it away, thinking it was waste paper.
2) 同她争论是浪费时间.
It is a waste of time arguing with her.
3) 浪费时间来讨论这件事是如何发生是没有用的.
It is no use wasting time discussing how it happened.
4) 我多么后悔浪费了这么多时间玩电脑游戏.
How I regretted wasting so much time playing computer games.
2. Factories produce large amounts of poisonous chemicals.
a large amount of= large amounts of 修饰不可数名词
人们急需大量的金钱。
A large amount of money is needed badly.
复习几个“大量的”相关词组：a great deal of +______________; a large quantity of/large quantities of +__________
3. These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.
a large number of= large numbers of 修饰可数名词复数
the number of +名词复数 表示…的数量/数目，后面的谓语动词用单数
1) A number of students are admitted (admit) to our school this term.
2) The number of the students admitted to our school is increasing (increase) year by year.
躺，位于 lie---lay---lain---lying
说谎 lie---lied---lied---lying
放置，下蛋，产卵lay---laid---laid---laying
The little boy lied to his mother he saw the white hen laid two egg and he laid them on the table, but in fact, it usually lays one egg every day.
4. result in (L16)
lead to sth :导致=result in=contribute to=cause
The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught (catch).
反义词：result from= happen because of 因…而起，起因于
1) Three people were killed in the accident.
The accident resulted in three people being killed.
=Three people ‘s death resulted from the accident.
2) The new building fell because of its soft base.（句型转换）
The falling of the new building resulted from its soft base.
=Its soft base resulted in the falling of the new building.
5. The world’s population has grown by more than six times what it was in 1800.
倍数表达法
…times +as+adj./adv.+as+…
…times +比较级+than…
…times +the +名词（size /width/length/depth/weight/…）+of+…
这条河流是那条河流的四倍长。
This river is four times as long as that one.
This river is three times longer than that one.
This river is four times the length of that one.
grow /increase /rise/climb to 增加到 grow /increase /rise/climb by增加了
1) 工人们正全力以赴，力争使产量增长到五年前的三倍。
The workers are going all out to make the output rise to three times what it was five years ago.
2) 这座城市居民的收入在过去的两年里增加了百分之六十，这让人感到惊讶。
It is amazing that the income of the people in the city has increased/risen by60 percent in the last two years.
6. It’s our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
cut back on/upon 削减，缩减 ,减少，降低
1）政府坚决不减少搜索本?拉登的花费，最终他们成功地把他干掉了。
The government insisted on never cutting back on the cost of the search for Bin Laden and at last they succeeded in killing him.
2）许多公司正在削减人员。
Many companies are cutting back on staff at the moment.
3）因为新产品销售不好，董事会成员决定削减产量。
As the new products aren’t selling well, the members of board have decided to cut back on production.
7. It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
concern vt 与…有关，关系到，关于 n.关心、焦虑、忧虑
concerned adj. 担心的、关心的、挂念的
be concerned about/for 担心，担忧...
be concerned with 关心,关注,对...感兴趣 ; 与。。。有关
as far as sb/sth is concerned 就…来说，就…而论
concerning prep. 关于
1)当船正在下沉的消息传来时，每个人都充满了忧虑。
Everybody was filled with concern when news came that the ship was sinking.
2)我们都在为她的安全担忧。
We ‘re all concerned for/about his safety.
3)这件事与我们大家都有关。(concern/ be concerned with)
This matter concerns us all/We are concerned with this matter..
4)关于他的未来，他与他最亲密的朋友谈了很多.
Concerning his future, he talked a lot with his closest friend.
5)就我个人而言，这种坏天气出去散步不是什么好主意。
As far as I am concerned, walking in such bad weather is not a good idea.
8．be seen as ...(P 23, L29) 被看成... ;被认为是...
be seen as + n/doing
1) 贫困和富裕被看成是一块硬币的两面.
Poverty and wealth are seen as the two faces of the same coin.
2) 他被看成愚笨、坏脾气，不乐意容人。
He is seen as being stupid, bad-tempered and unwilling to tolerate others.
类似“be seen as”的词组还有：be considered as ; be looked on as ; be thought of as;be referred to as; be treated as
9 Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.(L48)
Asking around=When I ask around
1）一听到这个消息，他就忍不住哭了起来。
Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying.
2）患有心脏病多年，王教授不论走到哪儿都必须随身带着药。
Having suffered from heart trouble for years, the president has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes。
3）被带领参观完实验室之后， 校长又带领我们参观了图书馆。
Having been shown around the lab, our headmaster showed us around our library.
10.What if they run out ? 它们要是耗完了会怎么样？
What if... =what would happen if ... “要是。。。。会怎么样？”
火车要是晚点会怎么样呢?
What if the train is late?
Sth run out (某物)耗完、用尽
Sb run out of sth 某人用完、耗尽某物
汽油已经用光了。
The petrol has run out /has been run out of /has been used up.
Project:
11．range (n.) 范围 a wide range of 大量的，各种各样的，多种多样的
该公司销售价格差异很大的新车子。
The company sells new cars with a wide range of prices.
range (v.) 范围是... range from ...to..../range between...and...
他们的年龄在25至50之间.
Their ages range from 25 to 50/range between 25 and 50.
12. rely on it for water.(L5)
rely on :count or depend on sb./sth. 依赖,指望
1) Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers to help (help) us.
2) You can rely on me to keep (keep) your secret.
3)I relied on you(r) coming( come)early.
4)他这个人靠不住。
He can’t be relied on.
5）You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。
13.Two special government projects are also under way.(P12)
under way:已在实施中，正在进行中
1)The project is under way.
2)Economic recovery is already under way.
way常用词组：
in a way在某种程度上
in no way 决不
in this/that way 以这种/那种方式
in the way 妨碍、挡道
by way of: 途径
no way 没门
on one’s (the ) way 1）在途中 2）即将来临
all the way : 一路上，自始至终
lead the way 领路，带路
feel one’s way摸索前进
lose one’s way 迷路
make one’s way （辛苦地）前进
make way for 让路，让位
14.result in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass
result in sb/one’s doing
类似的: imagine sb/one’s doing ; mind sb/one’s doing
你介意我打开窗户吗?
Do you mind me/my opening the window?
15.Anytime something is burnt, carbon is put into the atmosphere.(L4)
anytimg (conj) 连接状语从句,相当于whenever
无论什么时候你见到他,请提醒他在看我.
Anytime you see hinm, please remind him to visit me.
16.....the carbon we produce is much less than that produced by a car
that 在英语中常指代一个不可数名词, 在这句中指代carbon
北京的天气比上海好很多.
The weather in Beijing is much better than that in Shanghai.
17.There are times when...... 有时候会....
有时候我们会无缘无故地生气.
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