核心词汇
1．Hearing the gun，the enemies were horrorstruck and____________(逃跑)in all directions.
2．The businessman___________(抛弃)his wife and went away with all their money.
3．You must be very careful to cut meat with this____________(锋利的)knife.
4．She sat____________(思考)on how much had changed since she’d bought the farm.
5．One of the firemen went back in and____________(拖)my husband out through the flames.
6．A man in a(n)____________(整洁的)grey suit sat on the other side of the bar.
7．Generally speaking，if you want to shoot the ____________(目标)，you must aim at it a little bit higher because of the effect of gravity on the arrow.
8．I ____________remember the picture he drew last week whose colors were____________.(vivid)
9．用witness的适当形式填空
(1)The two ____________to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
(2)The crash was ____________by millions of viewers who were watching the race on TV.
1.fled 2.abandoned 3.sharp 4.reflecting 5.dragged,6.neat 7.target 8.vividly；vivid 9.(1)witnesses,(2)witnessed
高频短语
1．________________ 优于；在……前面
2．________________ 瞄准
3．________________ 在此期间；与此同时
4．________________ 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
5．________________ 对……知道、明白；意识到……
6．________________ 上下翻转
7．________________ 吓死了
8．________________ 举起，抬起；支撑；阻挡，使延误
9．________________ 即将；将要
10．________________ 靠近
1.ahead of 2.aim at 3.in the meantime 4.help(...)out 5.be/become aware of 6.upside down 7.(be) scared to death 8.hold up 9.be about to do 10.get close to
重点句式
1．____________the killer whales，or “killers ”as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
2．This was the call that announced there_____________be a whale hunt.
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
3．As we drew closer，I could see a whale_____________a pack of about six other killers.
靠近一看，原来是一头大鲸受到大约六条虎鲸的攻击。
4．________such extraordinary beauty，I think every cell in my body woke up.
看到这样奇特的美景，我全身的每个细胞都苏醒了。
5．There were other creatures that I didn’t want to get too close to—an eel with its strong sharp teeth，__________________，watching for a tasty fish(or my tasty toe！)；and the giant clam half buried in some coral waiting for something to swim in between its thick green lips.
还有一些其他的动物，我不想太靠近它们——一条带有利齿的海鳗，从洞穴里探出头来，望着可作美餐的鱼过来(或者在等着我美味的脚趾伸过去！)；一个巨大的蛤蜊半掩在珊瑚礁中，等待着有什么东西游过来，游到它宽厚的绿嘴唇中去。
1.It was a time when 2.was about to 3.being attacked by 4.Seeing 5.with only its head showing from a hole
知识详解
1 .witness n． 目击者；证人；证据
vt. 当场见到；目击
(回归课本P20)I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.
当时我认为这只是个故事，但之后我亲眼目睹了好多次。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P2358)One witness to the accident said that the driver appeared to be drunk.
事故的一位目击者说司机看上去好像喝醉了。
②His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。
③He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.
他证明看到那个人进了房间。
④(牛津P2313)Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.
警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。
[即境活用]
1．很多人被亲眼目睹的暴虐场面吓呆了。
Many people were shocked by the violent scenes ________ ________ ________.
答案：they had witnessed
2 .flee(fled，fled) vi.& vt. 逃走，逃避；消失，消散
(回归课本P20)“And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea，”George told me，pointing towards the hunt.
“而其他那些(虎鲸)则阻止它潜水或逃跑，”乔治一边指着捕猎的情景一边告诉我。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P773)He fled to London after an argument with his family.
他与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。
②(牛津P773)He was caught trying to flee the country.
他试图逃离该国时被抓住。
③Why does he always flee any kind of responsibility?
他为什么总是逃避任何责任？
④His hopes fled when he lost the election.
当他落选时，他的希望就破灭了。
[即境活用]
2．The thieves have already________the city，so it is difficult for the police to arrest them.
A．fled B．run away
C．escaped D．got rid of
解析：选A。表示“逃离某地”时，run away和escape后需加from，get rid of则不合句意。
3 .abandon vt. 遗弃；抛弃；丢弃；放弃；中止；(与oneself连用)使放纵，使听任 n． 放任；放纵
(回归课本P21)From James’s face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.
从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出，他害怕被我们抛弃。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P2)Rescuers abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors of the crash.
援救人员完全放弃了会再找到坠机生还者的希望。
②We must urge people who smoke to abandon the habit.
我们必须敦促吸烟的人戒烟。
③Hong Zhanhui brought up a girl abandoned by her parents.
洪战辉抚养了一个被父母遗弃的女孩。
④The match was abandoned because of bad weather.
比赛因天气恶劣而取消了。
[即境活用]
3．那个孩子被他的父母遗弃了，后来有人发现那个被抛弃的孩子在大街上游荡，他已陷入了绝望。
The child ________ ________ by his parents.Eventually the ________ boy was found wandering in the street，________ himself to despair.
答案：was abandoned；abandoned；abandoning
4 .urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策
(回归课本P20)“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！”urged George，shouting loudly.
乔治催促着，大声喊道：“有人落水了！调转船头。”
[归纳拓展]
①(朗文P2265)Katy’s family urged her to find another job.
凯蒂的家人催促她去找另一份工作。
②(牛津P2223)The report urged that all children be taught to swim.
这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。
③He urged on his pupils the importance of hard work.
他向学生们力言努力学习的重要性。
④He urged all the students to take part in this activity.
他要求所有学生参加这次活动。
[例句探源]
[即境活用]
4．我极力主张应该立刻采取措施阻止这样的事情再发生。
I urged that we________ ________ ________to prevent such things happening again.
答案：take immediate action
5 .reflect vt. 映射，反射 vi.& vt. 思考
(回归课本P24)I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1668)When the sun’s rays hit the earth，a lot of the heat is reflected back into space.
太阳光线照射到地球时，大量的热被反射回太空。
②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.
我们的报纸旨在表达当地人们的心声。
③(牛津P1668)Before I decide，I need time to reflect.
在我决定前，我需要时间认真考虑。
④After long reflection we decided to buy that house.
经过长时间的慎重考虑，我们决定买下那所房子。
[即境活用]
5．完成句子
(1)肖恩对祖国的爱在他最近出版的诗歌里反映出来。
Sean’s strong love for his country is ________ in his recently published poems.
答案：reflected
(2)你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。
You should set aside some time to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：reflect on your successes and failures
6 .help(...)out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境
(回归课本P21)What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?
有什么证据能说明老汤姆帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境？
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P955)When I bought the house，my sister helped me out with a loan.
我买这所房子时，我姐姐借给了我一笔钱解了急。
②As he is my best friend，when I am in trouble he will certainly help me out.
因为他是我最好的朋友，当我遇到麻烦时他肯定会帮我。
③(牛津P954)I can’t help thinking he knows more than he has told us.
我总觉得他没把知道的事情全告诉我们。
④(牛津P954)She couldn’t help but wonder what he was thinking.
她不禁琢磨着他在想些什么。
⑤He couldn’t help to wash the clothes.
他不能帮忙洗衣服。
[即境活用]
6．My father has often ________ me ________ when I’ve been a bit short of money.
A．sent；out B．driven；off
C．helped；out D．pulled；in
解析：选C。考查短语辨析。help sb.out帮助某人摆脱困境。
7．The passengers had a chat with the college students______
as conductors during the summer vacation.
A．help out B．helped out
C．to help out D．helping out
解析：选D。本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作后置定语表示一个将要发生的动作，过去分词表示一个已经发生了的被动的动作，故B、C两项不符合题意。句意：旅客们同那几个在暑假临时帮忙充当列车员的大学生聊天。
7 .be/become aware of 对……知道、明白、意识到……
(回归课本P24) The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me—purples，reds，oranges，yellows，blues and greens.
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①Most people are aware of the dangers of driving after drinking.
大多数人知道酒后开车的危险。
②(牛津P119)I don’t think people are really aware of just how much it costs.
我认为人们并不真正明白这要花多少钱。
③We are not aware(of) what he is longing for.
我们不知道他在渴望什么。
④(牛津P119)As far as I’m aware，nobody has done anything about it.
据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。
[即境活用]
8．Most parents are not ________ the danger of their babies’eating jelly，which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen.
A．well aware to B．very aware of
C．aware that D．well aware of
解析：选D。考查形容词用法。空白处后面不是句子，故排除C项；aware后面接of，故排除A项；另外表示“清醒地，充分地认识到”时，表语形容词aware的修饰语应使用well，不用very。
【教材原句】 There were other creatures that I didn’t want to get too close to－an eel with its strong sharp teeth，with_only_its_head_showing_from_a_hole，watching for a tasty fish(or my tasty toe！)；and the giant clam half buried in some coral waiting for something to swim in between its thick green lips.(P24)
还有一些其他的动物，我不想太靠近它们——一条带有利齿的海鳗，从洞穴里探出头来，望着可供美餐的鱼过来(或者在等着我美味的脚趾伸过去！)；一个巨大的蛤蜊半掩在珊瑚礁中，等待着有什么东西游过来，游到它宽厚的绿嘴唇中去。
【句法分析】 “with复合结构”表示动作或伴随情况，在句中一般作定语或状语。它的构成形式为with＋名词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/介词短语。
(1)with＋n.＋介词短语
①The little girl came to a stream，with red flowers and green grass on both sides.
小女孩来到一条小溪边，小溪的两岸长着红花绿草。
②The teacher entered the classroom with a thick dictionary in his hand/under his arm.
老师进了教室，手里拿着一本厚字典/胳膊底下夹着一本厚字典。
(2)with＋n.＋adj.
③I like sleeping with all the windows open.
我喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
(3)with＋n.＋to do sth.
④With all the clothes to wash，I will be very busy today.
所有的衣服都要洗，今天我将会很忙。
(4)with＋n.＋doing sth.
⑤Their teacher is a young girl with long hair covering her shoulders.
他们的老师是一个长发披肩的年轻姑娘。
⑥With the boy leading the way，they had no difficulty in finding the house.
有那个男孩领路，他们很容易就找到了那栋房子。
(5)with＋n.＋done
⑦With his homework finished，the boy went out to play.
做完作业后，那男孩出去玩了。
(6)with＋n.＋adv.
⑧With her mother away，the little girl felt lonely.
由于妈妈离开了，小女孩感到孤独。
9．You have no idea how she finished the relay race________her foot wounded so much.
A．for B．when
C．with D．while
解析：选C。句意：你根本无法体会，在脚伤得那么厉害的情况下她是怎样完成接力比赛的。这里是一个“with＋n./pron.＋done/adj.”的复合结构。要注意her foot wounded so much 不是一个完整句子，所以不能用连词when，while，for 引导，选B项可以这样改 when her foot was wounded so much。
[即境活用]
作文指导
提纲类作文
【体裁导航】
提纲类写作也是情景作文的一种，是通过给出段落提纲或者给出关键词语、短语等提示的一种“引领”性的写作。
无论是英语的段落主旨句、提纲提示，还是汉语的词组或短语等引导写作思路，进行习作时，毕竟减少了审题环节，也不用谋篇布局、重组语序，所以，在写作练习的初级阶段，这种习作形式尤其受到师生的欢迎。
做这类写作题要特别注意以下三点：
1．要按照所提供的“纲”的思路而写；
2．要考虑提供的各“点”之间该用什么样的连接词、连接句，以及上下句之间的关系；
3．看有无题目要求，有无词数限制，有无逻辑悖理现象(观点不要悖理或前后矛盾)。
总之，能做到循“纲”蹈“句”、“纲举目张”，此类写作便能顺利完成。
【写作要领】
一、审题
1．体裁：题目中已明确给出可以写记叙文也可以写议论文。
2．时态和人称：如果写记叙文，应是结合过去发生的事件来说明怎样有一个好的心情，所以应用过去时态和第一人称。如果写议论文，则应该用现在时态和第三人称。
二、谋篇
1．记叙文的篇章结构应为：
Para.1：描述过去发生的一件令人心情不好的事情以及由此产生的不良情绪。
Para.2：讲述如何从坏心情转至好心情的。
2．议论文的篇章结构为：
Para.1：提出问题：好心情的重要性。
Para.2：分析问题：产生坏心情的原因。
Para.3：解决问题：调整心情的方法。
三、注意事项
提纲作文虽然给出了写作的要点，但要点非常简略，因而还需要对要点进行丰富和拓展。
【范文点评】
Turning a bad mood into a good one
①At the end of the last semester，I got a C in the English examination.②When I knew the result，I couldn’t hold back my tears.③My mood was terrible and I thought the world was coming to an end.④I feared to see my English teacher and I thought my classmates would laught at me.⑤My parents weren’t satisfied with me and maybe they would scold me.⑥So I even wanted to leave my school and family.
⑦But after a while，I found I was wrong for I came to realize “Failure is the mother of success”．⑧What I should do was to find the reason why I got so bad a result.⑨And I thought this was a lesson to me and it helped me to find my shortcomings.⑩Maybe it could help me to improve my English.?So my bad mood turned into a good one.
1．文章标题，不要遗漏
本段为造成心情不佳的事件以及造成的影响，具体如下：
(1)①言简意赅地点明导致心情不佳的事件。
(2)②③为具体心情不佳的表现。
(3)④⑤为导致心情不佳的心理原因。
(4)⑥为心情不佳造成的影响——想离家(学校)出走。
(5)综上所述，整个事件的叙述娓娓道来，语意连贯，步步深入。
2．本段为“我的心情是如何由坏变好的”。具体过程如下：
意识到“失败是成功之母”——自我反省——吸取教训——提升英语——心情变好。
3．本文作者心情由坏变好的原因就是“自我反思，不放弃，继续努力”。当然也可以借助外力，如老师、父母的教导，书中的某一句话等都可以成为心情变好的原因。
【类题尝试】
(2011年山东潍坊质检)假如你是李华，你们学校最近开展了创建“平安校园”的活动。你们班为此组织主题班会，请你用英语写一篇发言稿，谈一谈你对如何创建“平安校园”的一些想法。短文应该包括下面的内容：
1．安全意识的重要性；
2．在运动中要注意安全；
3．在校内要注意人身安全；
4．同学间发生矛盾时，一定要保持冷静、理智；
5．逐步将“平安校园”活动转化为全体师生的实际行动。
注意：
1．不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
2．词数：120左右；
3．文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：校园安全safety at school
My dear classmates，
There is no denying that safety plays an important part in our daily life.Recently our school has carried out a program aimed at making our campus a safe place to stay on.
______________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
My_dear_classmates，
There_is_no_denying_that_safety_plays_an_important_part_in_our_daily_life.Recently_our_school_has_carried_out_a_program_aimed_at_making_our_campus_a_safe_place_to_stay_on.
I consider this as indeed a good practice，which will make us aware that safety should always come first in our daily life，whether when we stay at school or outside it.When we are doing sports，we should attach importance to the safety and avoid being hurt.
Furthermore，when we get into trouble with our classmates，we should remain calm and avoid any form of fighting，which may only bring suffering and pain to us mentally and physically.
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