一、学习目标：
知识目标：能正确使用Module 11中的单词和短语；
能力目标：能理解并用英语表述大数；正确使用冠词。
情感目标：通过了解发展中国家所面临的问题，以及由此而产生的连带后果，唤起学生们的忧患意识，并引发他们深思。
二、重点、难点：
重点：
1. 掌握短语along with, thanks to, add to, protect…from…的用法；
2. 冠词的使用和英语大数的读法。
难点：
1. add to和 add…to…, the number of和a number of的区别；
2. too many, too much和much too的用法；
3. 正确使用冠词，准确用英语读出大数。
三、知能提升
（一）重点单词
［单词学习］
1. population
【用法】n. 人口
（1）population是集体名词，没有复数形式，当它作主语，表示整体概念时，其后的谓语动词用单数。如表示个体概念，即人口的百分之几，几分之几作主语时，其后的谓语动词用复数。
【例句】①The population of the world is growing too fast. 世界人口增长过快。
②About 80 percent of the population of China are peasants.
中国约百分之八十的人口是农民。
(2) 指人口的“多”或“少”时，一般用large或small.
【例句】①The population of China is larger than that of the USA.中国人口比美国人口多。
②The population of Japan is much smaller. 日本的人口要少得多。
（3）表示某国、某城市有多少人口时，要与of连用，其句式有两种：
①The population of +某国（某城市）+ is…
②某国（某城市）has the/a population of…。有时，“有多少人口的城市”用a city with a population of…来表示。
【例句】①The population of Australia is 19,400,000. = Australia has a population of 19,400,000.
②Beijing is a city with a population of more than ten million.
(4)提问“有多少人口”时，需用特殊疑问词what, 而不用how many 或how much。
【例句】What’s the population of this city? 这个城市有多少人口？
【考查点】人口的“多”或“少”的表达以及询问人口有多少的句式。
【易错点】人口的“多”或“少”误用many或 few及用how many 与population搭配。
【考题链接】The experts think that India’s population may be _________ than China’s ________ 2020.
A. many, by B more, in C. larger, by
答案：C.
解题思路：此题考查人口的“多”或“少”的表达，由于题目中有than，要用比较级，故先排除A；而指“人口多”时要用large, 故选C。
2. increase
【用法】v. 增加，增大
【例句】The number of students has increased.学生的人数增加了。
注意：increase to … 增加到…… increase by 增加了……
【例句】The production of iron has increased to 120 million tons, which means that it has increased by 20%。
铁的产量已增加到一亿两千万吨，意思是说它增加了20%。
【考查点】increase to …和increase by的区别。
【易错点】错用介词。
【考题链接】
棉花的产量增加了10%。The cotton output has ____________________________ 10%.
答案：increased by。
解题思路：此题考查“增加了”的翻译，由于前面有has，所以increase要用其过去分词形式，故写为increased by。
3. crowd
【用法1】n. 人群
用作名词时，其为集合名词。作主语时，其谓语用单数(视为整体时)或复数(考虑到个体成员时)均可。
【例句】①The crowd moves on, and no one tries to stop it. 人群向前移动，谁也没试图阻止。
②The crowd were running in all directions. 人群往四面八方跑去。
强调人数多时，可用其复数形式。如：
There were crowds of people waiting to get in. 有许多人在等着进去。
【用法2】v. “聚集”、“挤满”
【例句】①People crowded round to get a better view. 人们争相围观。
②Shoppers crowded the streets. 买东西的人挤满了大街。
常用结构 be crowded with
【例句】①The hall was crowded with people. 大厅挤满了人。
②The exhibition was crowded with visitors. 展览会挤满了参观的人。
此外，派生形容词 crowded 意为“拥挤的”。如
crowded trains (hotels, roads, shops) 拥挤的火车(旅馆，道路，商店)
【考查点】crowd不同词性的用法。
【易错点】词性不同时意思不明确。
【考题链接】
When a bus comes, the ____________ at the bus-stop rushes and pushes to get on.
A. people B. crowd C. police
答案：B。
解题思路：此题考查名词。由于句中所给谓语是rushes and pushes，用了单数，而people和police都是复数名词，其谓语要用复数，故选B。
4. police
【用法】n. 警察
police是警察的统称，包括policemen和policewomen，一般用作复数，作主语时，其谓语要用复数。如要表示“一个警察”，则用a policeman 来表达。
【例句】The police are looking for the robber.警察（方）正在寻找盗贼。
【考查点】词意理解。
【易错点】作主语时谓语误用单数。
【考题链接】
The police _____________ searching for the thief everywhere.
A. was B. are C. is
答案：B。
解题思路：此题考查police的用法，其作主语时，谓语要用复数，故选B。
［即学即练］
①—________ is the population of your city? — About two million.
A. How B. What C. How many
②The police __________ looking for the man who killed someone last night.
A. is B. are C. will
③The things in the supermarket are very cheap, so it is always c______________.
④他们学校学生的数量已增加到了三千人。
The number of the students in their school has ____________________________ 3,000.
（二）重点短语
［短语学习］
1. along with
【用法】连同，跟……一起 (= together with)
along with相当于一个并列连词，当其连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数取决于充当主语的第一个名词的数。与此用法类似的短语还有together with, as well as.
【例句】The teacher along with his students has gone to the concert.
那位老师连同他的学生一起看演唱会去了。
【考查点】along with连接并列主语时的用法。
【易错点】不能确定其谓语的单复数。
【考题链接】
Look, the woman along with two girls ________ playing games in the park.
A. are B. is C. have been
答案：B.
解题思路：此题考查along with连接并列主语时的用法。由于 “A along with B ”这一结构作主语时, 谓语动词的数取决于A的数的变化，故选B。
2. thanks to
【用法】“由于，多亏”（= because of）
这一短语中，thanks是名词，to是介词。
【例句】Thanks to the doctor, the boy was saved.多亏了医生，那男孩得救了。
【考查点】短语本意。
【易错点】误以为thanks是thank you的意思。
【考题链接】
______________ the government’s efforts, our life is becoming better and better.
A. Instead of B. According to C. Thanks to
答案：C。
解题思路：此题意为“多亏了政府的努力，我们的生活正变得越来越好”，故选C。
3. add to
【用法】“增加，增添” （此处to为介词，其后接名词，代词）
【例句】Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
焰火使节日之夜更加生色。
add…to… 把……加入到……
如：She added sugar to her tea. 她往她的茶里加了糖。
【考查点】add to与add…to…的区别。
【易错点】add to与add…to…的意思混淆不清。
【考题链接】坏天气更增加了我们的困难。
The bad weather only ______________________ our difficulties.
答案：added to。
解题思路：此题考查“增加了”的翻译，故写added to。
4. protect…from…
【用法】“保护……不受……侵害”（from后接名词，代词等作宾语）
【例句】It’s my duty to protect children from harm.保护孩子免受伤害是我的责任。
【考查点】短语本意。
【易错点】不会灵活翻译。
【考题链接】
He is wearing his sunglasses to __________ himself from the sun.
A. prevent B. stop C. protect
答案：C。
解题思路：此句意为“他戴太阳镜使自己免受太阳光的侵害”，prevent和stop与from构成的是prevent/stop sb from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选C。
5. a number of
【用法】“许多”
【考查点】the number of和a number of的区别。
辨析：the number of和a number of：
the number of：“……的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，中心词是number，其谓语动词要用单数。
如：The number of students in our class is 50.
a number of: “许多”, 相当于many,修饰可数名词的复数，作主语时，其谓语动词要用复数；number前可用large
或small 等修饰，以表示程度。
如：A number of students are planting trees on the hill.
【易错点】不明确the number of和a number of谓语的单、复数。
【考题链接】
The number of women teachers in our school ________ over forty.
A. is B. were C. are
答案：A。
解题思路：the number of跟复数名词连用作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数, 故选A。
6. too much
【用法】“太多”
【考查点】too many, too much和much too的区别。
辨析：too many, too much和much too
too many：“太多”，其后接复数可数名词。
如：There are too many people in the street.
too much：“太多”，其后接不可数名词。
如：Don’t make too much noise.
much too: “太……，非常，极其”，其后接形容词或副词。
如：The car is much too expensive.
【易错点】易混淆too many, too much和much too后所接的词。
【考题链接】
You look __________ fat, so don’t eat ______________ sweet.
A. much too, too much B. too much, much too C. much too, too many
答案：A。
解题思路：fat是形容词，先排除B，sweet在这里是“甜食”的意思，是不可数名词，故选A。
［即学即练］
1. A number of students _____________ carrying water now.
A. is B. are C. were
2. There is ____________ noise and population in this area.
A. too many B. much too C. too much
3. We should protect animals ________ danger.
A. of B. to C. from
4. 随同包裹寄来的还有一张账单。
There was a bill ____________________ the parcel.
5. 就那事我想补充点什么。
I’d like ____________________ something ___________ that.
6. 多亏了你的帮助，我才可能按时完成这项工作。
_______________________ your help, I could finish the work on time.
（三）重点语法
［语法学习］
1. 冠词：冠词分不定冠词a，an和定冠词the共三个。
【用法】（1）不定冠词：
不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于以辅音(不是辅音字母)音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音(不是元音字母)音素开头的单词前。
例如：a boy，a university，a European country；
an hour，an honour，an island，an elephant，an umbrella
（2）不定冠词的用法：
①泛指某一类人、事或物，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。
例如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.一头大象比一匹马大。
②用于第一次提到的可数的表示不特定的人或物的名词之前。
例如：He bought a car last month. The car is red.他上个月买了一辆车，这辆车是红色的。
③表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。
例如：There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。
④表示“每一”，相当于every.
例如，I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。
⑤用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。
例如，I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已有三本书，我想再买一本。
⑥用在某些固定短语中：a lot(of)许多，大量；after a while过一会儿
(3) 定冠词的用法:
①特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。
②指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Open the window，please.请打开窗户。
③指上文已经提到过的人或事物。例如：I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。
④指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger，the sun or the earth？哪一个更大些，太阳还是地球？
⑤用在序数词，形容词最高级前。
例如：The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书中最简单的一课。
⑥用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the Great Wall长城，the United States美国
⑦用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人
⑧用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩
⑨用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在……中间
⑩用在乐器名称前。例如：She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。
⑾用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。
例如：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江
⑿用在某些固定短语中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外
(4)零冠词的用法:
①在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，Class Two二班，Tian’an Men Square天安门广场，water水
②可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词（my，your，his，her等）、指示代词（this/these，that/those）、不定代词（some，any等）及所有格限制时。
例如，my book(正)；my the book(误)
③在星期，月份，季节，节日前。例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in spring在春天，on Women’s Day在妇女节
(特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他是在1982年的春季参军的。)
④在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：I have lunch at school every day.我每天都在学校吃午饭。
<特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)>
⑤某些固定短语中不用冠词。
a. 与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠词。
b. 名词短语：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹；hour after hour时时刻刻；here and there到处。
c. 介词短语：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for example例如；in class在上课；on show在展出；in bed在床上。
d. 与go有关的短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
(5)用与不用冠词的差异:
in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里
on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上
in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面
take place发生/take the place(of)代替
at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁
two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)
next year明年/the next year 第二年
a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)
【考查点】冠词的用法
【易错点】不明确不定冠词和定冠词的用法。
【考题链接】He gave my sister ＿＿＿＿useful book yesterday.
A. an B. a C. / D. the
答案：B。
解题思路：useful的第一个音素为［ju］，故选B。
2. 大数的读法：
迅速无误识别数词的前提是能够流利地读出数词。先从两位数读起，然后练习读三位和四位数乃至五位或六位以上的数词。其中两位和三位数的读法是读所有数词的基础。英文数词中的每一个逗点的读法也要牢记：一个逗点读“thousand”，两个逗点读“million”， 三个逗点读“billion”。还要弄清楚，每个逗点间由三位数组成。英文数词中的第四位数、第七位数、第十位数是很关键的数位。
Examples：
1,234 读作：one thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
4,567,809 读作：four million, five hundred and sixty-seven thousand, eight hundred and nine
5,678,120,000 读作：five billion, six hundred and seventy-eight million, one hundred and twenty thousand
［即学即练］
一. 用a, an, the填空:
1. We can’t live without_______ air.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. Let’s go and watch them play_______ chess.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
3. We are going to ____ Great Wall tomorrow.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
4. They often want people to move to _____ smaller cities.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
5. Population is ____ big problem for cities.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
二. 用英语写出下列数字的读法：
45,680,694 _________________________________________________________________________
6,598,435,567 _________________________________________________________________________
预习导学
上册 Module 12 Summer in LA
一、预习新知
重点单词：shorts, progress, arrange, book, provide
重点短语：give a warm welcome to, make progress, fill in, place of interest, take place
重点语法：主谓一致。
二、预习点拨
思考问题一：provide…for和provide…with各应如何使用？
思考问题二：at the end of, by the end of 与in the end的区别？
思考问题三：英语中的主谓一致有哪两类？
同步练习
（答题时间：45分钟）
一、单项选择：
1. Liu Changchun is _______ first Chinese to join the Olympics.
A. a B. an C. the
2. The number 22,135 reads _______.
A. twenty-two thousands one hundred and thirty-five
B. twenty-two thousand one hundred and thirty-five
C. twenty-two thousands one hundred thirty-five
3. The population in this city has increased ________ 200% in the past 25 years.
A. to B. by C. with
4. Countries with large ______ should pay attention to the environment.
A. letters B. population C. people
5. China’s population is about 20_____ of the world’s population.
A. times B. person C. percent
6. There is ______ traffic and ______ people in the street at the moment.
A. too much, too many B. too many, too much C. much too, too many
（*）7 The teacher, along with some students, _________ a plan for the coming holiday.
A. have made B. has made C. are making
8. —______ is the population of China today? — It’s about one billion, three hundred million.
A. How many B. How much C. What
（*）—9. Is there a cat over there? —Yes, _______ cat is black and white.
A. a B. an C. the
（*）10. —Why are you standing outside the gate?
—My father _____ me wait for him.
A. kept B. told C. made
11. _________ the doctor, the boy came back to life.
A. Good luck to B. Thanks to C. Welcome to
12. An umbrella will protect you __________ the rain.
A. over B. to C. from
13. Government should build more hospitals to supply better care for people, and that means we need more ______ at the same time.
A. teachers B. doctors C. police
14. The police ________ looking for the man who killed someone last night.
A. is B. was C. are
15. The boy didn’t know what the population of China _________.
A. are B. was C. were
16. —Is the population of Sichuan __________ than Henan? — No, it’s __________.
A. more, fewer B. larger, smaller C. larger, fewer
（*）17. _________ my students are good at English.
A. The number of B. A number of C. a lots of
（*）18. —What do you think of the film?
—Wonderful. It’s _______ one I have ever seen.
A. a better B. a great C. the best
（*）19. The little boy wrote _______ “U” and ________ “N” on the wall.
A. a, an B. an, a C. a, a
20. _____ increasing population is _______ environment problem in many countries.
A. The, an B. An, the C. An, an
（*）二、完形填空：
This is a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago. While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves（贼）climbed into another room. It was very 1__, so they turned on the light. Suddenly they heard a _ 2___ behind them. “What’s up?” “What’s up?” someone __3__. The thieves turned off the light and _ _4__ as quickly as __5__.George heard the noise and came downstairs __6___. He turned on the light, __7__ he couldn’t see anyone. The __8__ were already gone. But George’s parrot（鹦鹉）, Henry, was still there.
“What’s up, George?” he called.
“Nothing, _ 9__,” George said and smiled. “Go back to __10__.”
1. A. black B. dirty C. bright D. dark
2. A. noise B. voice C. sound D. song
3. A. called B. told C. spoke D. sounded
4. A. fell off B. jumped C. ran away D. cried
5. A. they did B. they was C. they can D. possible
6. A. fast B. quietly C. slowly D. quickly
7. A. but B. and C. when D. or
8. A. friends B. birds C. thieves D. police
9. A. Tom B. parrot C. Henry D. my son
10. A. work B. reading C. sleep D. watching
(**)三、阅读理解：
(A)
Confucius was born on September 28,551 BC. Chinese regard Confucius as the greatest thinker and also the greatest teacher. He had about 3000 students. For more than 2000 years, Confucius’ ideas have been around in people’s everyday life. Now they have gone far into east and south Asia. People can still hear them today.
Why are his ideas so popular? Because they help a lot in everyday life. Confucius said young people should take care of the old. People should give up thinking of themselves and work for others. As a great teacher, Confucius said all should go to school if they could.
1. Confucius was born on _______.
A. September 28,551AD B. September 28,551BC
C. December 28,551 BC D. December 28,551 AD
2. Confucius’ ideas have gone far into _____.
A. east and south Asia B. north and west Asia
C. east and south Africa D. north and west Africa
3. Confucius thought ______.
A. young people needn’t take care of the old
B. people should think of themselves
C. people should work for others
D. all the people could go to school
4. What do people think of Confucius?
A. The greatest leader and teacher. B. The greatest thinker and teacher.
C. The greatest leader and thinker. D. The greatest doctor and teacher.
5. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. All should go to school. B. The old and the young.
C. Work for others. D. Confucius and his ideas.
(B)
Light and shadow are friends. They usually go together. We receive light every day. At the same time, we produce shadow.
Light cannot shine through you. Your body stops it from passing. There is a dark spot on the ground next to you. The light cannot reach the dark spot. This is your shadow.
At noon the sun shines over your head. Your body stops very little light from reaching the ground.
We love light, especially sunlight. Without sunlight, life on earth is impossible. Most of us like to stand in the shadow of a tree in summer. But some people are afraid of their own shadow at night. They do not want to walk in a dark street. They do not want to see the shadow, either. But still light and shadow usually go together.
6. The sentence “Light and shadow are friends” means ____.
A. the shadow produce light
B. the light usually follows the shadow
C. they usually get on well with each other
D. when we get light, we can get shadow. They are always together.
7. Light cannot shine through you because _____.
A. it is too weak
B. your body stops it from traveling on
C. your body is tall and strong
D. there is a dark spot on the ground next to you
8. Your body’s shadow is long because ____.
A. the sun is low in the sky in the morning or late afternoon
B. the sun is over your head
C. the sunlight is very strong at noon
D. your body stops very little light reaching the ground
9. It is ____ in the shadow of a tree in summer; so many people like to stay there.
A. hot B. warm C. cool D. cold
10. Which of the following is not true?
A. There will be no shadow without light.
B. Shadow is produced when something stops the light from passing.
C. We produce light when we receive it.
D. Man, animals and plants have to live on sunlight.
四、单词拼写：根据句意及首字母完成单词：
1. —What’s the p________________ of the city? —More than 1,000,000.
2. You can do what you want to do, but never follow the c_________________.
3. The price of most goods in the shop was cut down（削减）5 p______________. Many people went shopping there.
4. The restaurant’s turnover（营业额）has i___________________ by 23.5%.
5. It’s against the l____________ to steal.
6. Murder（谋杀）is a terrible c________________.
7. It’s the duty of the p___________________ to preserve（维护）the public order（公共秩序）.
8. His factory must pay 20,000 yuan in t_____________ every year.
9. It’s only your f______________. You played badly today.
10. Many old houses now have been converted（改换）into f____________ in that area.
五、根据汉语，完成句子：
1. 由于下了场大雨，今天凉快多了。
__________________ the heavy rain, it’s much cooler today.
2. 玛丽已经和父母一起搬到巴黎去了。
Mary, __________________ her parents __________________________ to Paris already.
3. 你知道你们城市的人口是多少吗?
Do you know ___________________________________________?
4. 带上雨伞以免你被雨淋湿。
Take an umbrella to ________________________________________ the rain.
5. 世界上中国人口最多。
China has ________________________________________ in the world.
试题答案
一、1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A
7. B 解析：此句的谓语要根据along with前的主语The teacher来确定,故选B。
8. C
9. C 解析：第一次提到用不定冠词，再次提到则要用定冠词，故选C。
10. C 解析：“使某人做某事”是“make sb. do sth.”，故选C。
11. B
12. C 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. B
17. B 解析：由于此句的谓语是复数are，先排除A，而C选项是错误表达，应为 a lot of，故选B。
18. C 解析：第二句意为“这是我看过的最好的（电影）”，故选C。
19. A 解析：“U”的发音是［ju:］，是以辅音音素开头，故选a；而“N”的发音是［en］，是以元音音素开头，故选an，所以答案为A。
20. C
二、1~5 D, B, A, C, D 6~10 D, A, C, C, C
三、(A) 1~5 BACBD (B) 6~10 DBACC
四、1. population 2. crowd(s) 3. percent 4. increased 5. law
6. crime 7. police 8. taxes 9. fault 10. flats
五、
1. Thanks to
2. along with, has moved
3. what the population of your city is
4. protect yourself from
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