选词或搭配不当

[误]Peter is a warm-hearted person, so everybody likes to have friends with him.

[正]Peter is a warm-hearted person, so everybody lies to make friends with him.

[析]在理解英语词汇时，不能仅停留在了解其字面意义上，而应掌握内在涵义。同时要熟悉它们的习惯搭配。平时学习词汇时，要仔细思考，勤查词典，尤其要多记英语解释，弄清它们的确切意思和用法，以免造成类似错误。

[巩固练习]

1) It only spends us 15 minutes to go to the park from the center of the city by bus.

2) I hope you to become a lawyer.

3) Mr Wang forgot his wallet in the classroom yesterday.

4) She will remember firmly what her teacher said and did.

5) Can you borrow me your dictionary?

6) I must keep your words in mind and work hard to raise my English.

7) John caught a bad cold, so he had to live in hospital.

8) I saw an animal this afternoon.

[答案]

1)spends→takes/ →We spend 15 minutes going to the park from the center of the city by bus.

2)→I hope that you will become a lawyer./ I wish you to become a lawyer.

3)forgot→left “遗忘某物在某处”不可用forget，应用leave

4)firmly→clearly 汉语中可以讲“牢牢记住”，但英语中firmly却不可与remember搭配。常和remember搭配的副词有clearly，perfectly，thoroughly等

5)borrow→lend6) raise→improve 7)live→stay live表示“在某处居住”，病人“住院”用stay

8)此句应该用具体词却误用了概括词，应将animal改为lion，tiger等

逻辑错误

[误]Liu Hua is a kind-hearted girl; she will be successful in anything she tries.

[正]As she has a strong will and confidence in herself, Liu Hua may be successful in anything she tries.

[析]“一个心地善良的人能保证事事都能成功”这个推理不合理。“一个具有坚强意志和信念的人可能会取得成功”这才合乎逻辑。在写作时，不少学生从语言角度考虑得多，而从逻辑角度考虑得少。因此，常常出现不少逻辑错误。

[巩固练习]

1) Americans are tall.

2) Every bird can fly.

3) She must be ill because I saw a doctor going into her room.

4) When I was going out, it began to rain.

5) The armymen had been marching all day and their uniforms were green.

6) I was born and grew up in the town of Yidu in 1953.

[答案]

1)→Many Americans are tall.2)→Most of the birds can fly.

3)→She must be ill, for I saw a doctor going into her room. because表直接原因，表示的原因和产生的结果有必然的因果关系。原句意思是：她生病是因为医生走进了她的房间。这是不合逻辑的。改成for引起的分句是对前句作推测性解释。

4)→I was going out when it began to rain. 我正要出门，这时天突然下起雨来。分析原句得出这一结论：天要在我准备外出时下雨。 这是不符合逻辑的。

5)→The armymen had been marching all day, and their uniforms were dusty. 原句“行军与军衣颜色”逻辑上无必然联系。

6)→I was born in 1953 and grew up in the town of Yidu. 原句时间概念不清。

不合英语表达习惯

[误]The price of oil is more expensive than before.

[正]The price of oil is higher than before.

[析]英语中价格只有高低(high/ low)，商品才有贵贱(expensive/ cheap)。写作中，不少学生受汉语思维方式、表达习惯、文化习俗的影响，写出许多不符合英语表达习惯的句子。要避免此类错误的发生，平时训练就要多比较、归纳英汉两种语言在表达方式上的差异。

[巩固练习]

1) China’s population is the most in the world.

2) Zhang Hang studies in Jiangxi Province, Wanzai County, Kangle High School.

3) Li Ping has four classes in the morning. Afternoon has two classes.

4) Since the telephone was invented, people’s life has taken place great changes.

5) My parents both don’t like to go to the cinema, I also don’t.

6) Everywhere can see red flowers and green grass.

7) Today there are still some students don’t know how to use English dictionaries.

8) If use your head, this problem can be solved quickly.

9) Is your work busy?

10) Your student has gone to a work post.

11) It’s he suggested that I write to you.

12) Modern science technology development makes society great changes.

13) After graduated from Beijing University, my uncle became a teacher.

[答案]

1)→China’s population is the largest/ highest in the world.

2)→Zhang Hang studies in Kangle High School, Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province.

3)→Li Ping has four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.

4)→Since the telephone was invented, great changes have taken place in people’s life.

5)→Neither of my parents likes to go to the cinema. Nor do I.

6)→Everywhere you can see red flowers and green grass.

7)→Today some students still don’t know how to use English dictionaries.

8)→If you use your head, you can quickly solve this problem.

9)→Are you busy with your work?

10)→Your student has gone to work.

11)→It’s he who suggested that I (should) write to you.

12)→The development of modern science and technology has brought about great social changes.

13)→After graduating / he graduated from Beijing University, my uncle became a teacher.

句子缺乏统一性

[误]To control the birth rate in the world, scientists are looking for new sources of energy.

[正]To control the birth rate in the world, all the governments must take strict and effective measures.

[析]错句前后两部分意思无关紧要，违背了统一性原则。统一性要求一个句子必须表达一个单一的完整思想。如果把不相连的思想放在同一句子里或一个句子表达的思想不完整，就破坏了句子统一性原则。

[巩固练习]

1) Being an honest man, Mr Wang worked very hard.

2) Some television programs are harmful to children, so parents must be prevented from watching TV.

3) Henry was ill and it was the reason why he was absent so long.

4) My niece is not good at maths and seldom comes to see me, and she got married last week.

5) This mountain is six thousand feet high, and it is only four miles from the airport, and the field is not a very large one, but no plane has ever crashed on it.

[答案]

1)→Being an honest man, Mr Wang never tells a lie to his students.

2)→Some television programs are harmful to children, so parents must prevent their children from watching TV.

3)→The reason why Henry was absent so long was that he was ill./ Henry was absent for such a long time because he was ill. 不对等的意思不要用等立连词。

4)→My niece got married last week. 过多的细节会使读者抓不住主要思想。

5)→Although this mountain is six thousand feet high and only four miles from the small airport, no plane has ever crashed on it. 这里一系列并列句显得很单调，表达不出彼此间的关系，破坏了统一性原则。

句子缺乏连贯性

连贯性是指句子无论长短，在安排上要合乎逻辑，衔接自然，使句内语义关系明确，让人一目了然。学生习作中不连贯的句子主要包括垂悬修饰语、指代不清、未用过渡性词语、非平行结构和语义不完整的分割短句等方面的错误。

[误]My best friend in high school was our English teacher. Her name was Gao Hui. She taught us English for three years.

[正]My best friend in high school was our English teacher, Gao Hui, who taught us English for three years.

[析]原句把一个简单的思想内容各列成三个短句来表达，尽管这些句子语法正确，但不连贯，显得乏力。

[巩固练习]

1) Rose is in love with John, John is in love with Mary.

2) Tom wrote a quick note. It was to Nancy. She was his friend.

3) Speaking before a crowd of people for the first time, my knees shook.

4) She likes to play tennis and watching basketball games.

5) He told my brother that he was wrong.

6) Every university has many rules and regulations and they must obey all of them.

7) I returned to my room. There was a note under my book. It was from Jack. He said he was in the city looking for a job. He hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry not to have seen me.

[答案]

1)→Rose is in love with John, but John is in love with Mary.

2)→Tom wrote a quick note to Nancy, his friend.

3)→When I was speaking before a crowd of people for the first time, my knees shook. speaking的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，产生“垂悬”修饰语。

4)→She likes playing tennis and watching basketball games. 两个平行的思想to play tennis和watching basketball games用了不同的结构，破坏了句子的连贯性。

5)→ “I am wrong,” he said to my brother./ He said to by brother, “You are wrong.”

6) they→the students, 代词they无指代对象。

7)→When I returned to my room, I found a note from Jack under my book. He said he was in the city looking for a job, but he hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry not to have seen me. 此段出现了一连串的短句，这些短句提供的信息量小，语义支离破碎，缺乏连贯性。

Chinglish(汉式英语)错误

许多学生在写英语作文时由于受汉语思维模式的影响，不知不觉地用汉语的表达方式来表达自己的意思，写出的句子只有懂汉语的英语老师才能意会。产生Chinglish的直接原因是很多学生把整个英语学习视为机械的word-for-word translation的过程，生搬硬套，久而久之，便养成了机械对应的习惯，不会在特定的上下文中正确遣词造句，选用句型，只会按汉语逐字逐句转译为英语。要减少汉式英语，必须做到：①尽量使自己养成用英语思维进行写作的习惯，注意中西文化差异带来的不同表达方式。②平时要归纳总结、纠正汉式英语。③广泛阅读，多收听英语广播、收看电视中的英语新闻节目等。

[巩固练习]

1) My home has a dog.

2) They played very happily last night.

3) We find that to learn English well is difficult.

4) I think she can not swim.

5) Her age is very young.

6) We didn’t know evening had fallen.

7) He has a lot of students go to college.

8) Learn English well is not easy.

9) There are many teachers taught me English.

10) I very like English.

11) Though he was ill, but he went on working.

12) Because she is ill, so she is absent today.

13) He was married with Anna last month.

14) Have you suggested him to try again?

15) He has reached the age of going to school.

16) In winter it is colder in Changsha than Guangzhou.

17) It’s a good chance that the sky gave me.

18) All the students had started reading English before I did not get up.

19) Beijing rains much in August.

20) The hospital broke out a fire yesterday.

21) She at home.

22) This is Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang County, No.4 Middle School.

[答案]

1)→My family has a dog./ We keep a dog at home.

2)→They had a good time last night./ They enjoyed themselves very much last night.

3)→We find it difficult to learn English.

4)→I don’t think she can swim.

5)→She is very young.

6)→Evening came before we realized it.

7)→A lot of his students have gone to college.

8)→To learn/ Learning English well is not easy./ It’s not easy to learn English well.

9)→Many teachers have taught me English.

10)→I like English very much.

11)→Though he was ill, he went on working./ He was ill, but he went on working.

12)→Because she is ill, she is absent today./ She is ill, so she is absent today.

13)→He was married to Anna last month./ He married Anna last month.

14)→Have you suggested he try again?/ Have you suggested him trying again?

15)→He is old enough to go to school.

16)→In winter it is colder in Changsha than in Guangzhou.

17)→God gave me a good chance./ It’s really a good chance that God gave me.

18)→All the students had started reading English before I got up.

19)→It rains much in Beijing in August.

20)→A fire broke out at the hospital last night.

21)→She is at home now.

22)→This is No.4 Middle School , Jiujiang County, Jiangxi Province.

标点符号误用

书写英文句子时，不少学生常常误用标点符号。标点符号是一种变相文字，是书面语不可缺少的重要手段，同学们平时要比较英汉标点的差异，切莫等闲视之。

[误]Li Ping isn’t old enough, he can not join the army.

[正]Li Ping isn’t old enough. He can not join the army./ Li Ping isn’t old enough; he can not join the army.

[析]此句犯了两个或数个独立的句子用逗号断开的通病。

[巩固练习]

1) Mr Yu reads 《China Daily》every day.

2) Some people prefer cooked food, others prefer fried food.

3) “I joined the League in 1989.” he said.

4) Walk along this road, and take the second turning on the left。

5) His parents ran to him and asked what had happened?

6) I like Chinese、maths、history and English.

7) John says Bill will fly to North Korea in the coming year. But I am not sure……

[答案]

1)去掉书名号。汉语中有书名号，但英语中没有。书写报刊、书名等时，常用报刊、书名的每个单词首字母大写，且常在文中用斜体或在名称下划一横线的形式表示。

2)此句为短句错误，可在第二个分句前加上表对照的连词while或将句中逗号改为分号。

3)→“I joined the League in 1989,” he said. 直接引语是陈述句且放在插入语之前时，应是逗号，不用句号。

4)空心圆点改为实心圆点。

5)句末问号改为句号，因为此为陈述句。

6)把顿号改为逗号，英语中没有顿号。

7)→John says Bill will fly to North Korea in the coming year. But I am not sure… . 汉语用六个上下居中的点相连表示省略，英语用三个居右下方的点相连表省略，结尾用省略号时，应当使用四个点，第四个是这句话的句号。

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