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名词性从句讲解

编辑: 路逍遥 关键词: 英语学习方法 来源: 记忆方法网

名词性从句讲解

名词性从句容易和同位语从句弄混淆,看看这篇文章如何讲解名词性从句的吧

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
   连接词: that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)
   连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
连接副词:when, where, how, why
   不可省略的连词:
    1. 介词后的连词
    2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如:
     That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了,我们很高兴。
     We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
  比较:whether与if 均为\"是否\"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有\"or not\"
     大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。例如:
   It is not important who will go. 谁去,这不重要。
   It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗。

17.2 名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如:
  主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.  他还活着全靠运气。
  宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
  表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。
  形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
  2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末。例如:
   It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
   It\'s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
   用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
  a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
   It is necessary that…    有必要……
   It is important that…    重要的是……
   It is obvious that…     很明显……
  b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
   It is believed that…     人们相信……
   It is known to all that…    从所周知……
   It has been decided that…   已决定……
  c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
   It is common knowledge that…  ……是常识
   It is a surprise that…   令人惊奇的是……
   It is a fact that…     事实是……
  d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
   It appears that…      似乎……
   It happens that…      碰巧……
   It occurred to me that…   我突然想起……

17.3 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one\'s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语:  I have no idea when he will return.  我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I\'m not sure why she refused their invitation.  我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末。例如:
 It is not yet decided who will do that job.  还没决定谁做这项工作。
 It remains unknown when they are going to get married.  他们何时结婚依然不明。

17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
  从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如:
  主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
  宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
  表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
  同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
  形容词宾语: She\'s doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
  介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
  选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成。例如:
  Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
  I don\'t care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。

 


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