第四单元 如何写推展句

 

 

 

4．1段落的推展

 

在前几单元中，我们谈到写段落的第一个步骤是写主题句。作者要对主题句在某些方面加以限制。第二个步骤将是写推展句。例如你要陈述你选择某院校的理由，第一步，写出主题句：

 

There are two main reasons why I have decided to attend Bingston University next year．

 

第二步，以数个理由推展你的主题：

 

示范段落4-1

 

① There are two main reasons why I have decided to attend Bingston University next year．② First of all， there is the question of money：Bingstonv's tuition is reasonable and I don’t even have to pay it all at once．③ This is very important， since my father is not a rich man．④ With Bingston's “deferred payment plan，” my father will be able to pay my tuition without too much difficulty．⑤The second resaon is the fine education which I feed will receive there in agriculture， my chosen field．⑥ It is a well-known fact that Bingston hires only the finest professors in its Agriculture Department．⑦ Moreover， the university reqires all agricultural students to get practical experience by working on farms in the areawhile they are still going to school．

 

4．2示范段落分析

 

细节： two main reasons：

 

理由 1—financial consideration②

 

a． reasonable tuition③

 

b． deferred payment plan④

 

理由 2—quality of education⑤

 

a． fine teachers③

 

b． practical experience⑦

 

在两个主要理由之下，作者用更小的细节支持它们。

 

由此可见，段落的推展依赖于支持主题句的细节（details）。推展段落的方法很多。通常每个段落以一种方法为“支配方法”（ the dominant method），必要时，可运用其它一种或数种方法作为“辅助方法”（ the supporting method）。上面的示范段落使用因果法（cause-and-effect）作为支配方法，分类法（division and classification）作为辅助方法。作者还运用了“重要性排列顺序”（the order of importance）作为安排细节、组织段落的手段。我们将在以下各单元逐个讨论这些方法。

 

Exercise4-1

 

Directions： Read the following paragraphs and find out what details the authors use to support their topic sentences．

 

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