人类对动物进行驯服,使它们为人类服务,但并不是所有的动物都能被成功驯服,比如非洲水牛等,日前,科学家发现了动物“驯服”基因 ,未来可通过基因改变,驯服非洲水牛等动物。
600)makesmallpic(this,600,1800);' alt="" src="http://www.jiyifa.com/uploads/allimg/160809/1120545160-0.jpg" border=0 />
这可能是动物育种中的一个新的突破。来自德国、俄罗斯和 瑞典的一组科学家发现了一套负责动物“驯服”的遗传基因。关 于这一发现的报告刊登在最新一期的《遗传学》杂志上。动物“ 驯服”基因的发现可帮助家畜育种家、农民、动物学家和任何饲 养动物的人更好地饲养动物,更充分地了解动物所需,改善动物 与人类的互动关系,也可能得到更精确的育种战略,旨在通过改 变特定基因,一代一代传下去,以饲养驯服型的动物。
报告合著者之一、德国普朗克学院人类学家弗兰克·艾伯特( Frank Albert)说:“我希望我们的研究将最终能够详细地了解 关于动物“驯服”的遗传学和生物学知识。那样我们就可以驯化 几个在人类历史上没有成功驯化的物种,如野生非洲水牛。 ”
关于这项研究的历史可追溯到1972年,前苏联(现俄罗斯) 新西伯利亚的一组研究人员当时在城市近郊抓了一大群野生老鼠 ,在实验室中,研究人员把老鼠分为两组,第一组包括一些“友 好”的、不会咄咄逼人的老鼠;第二组包括一些会尖叫、攻击研 究人员的老鼠。之后,这些老鼠发育繁殖,经过一段时间后, 这两组老鼠的行为完全不同。“温和”组的老鼠生育的老鼠也很 温和,能容忍被触摸、被提起来,从不会攻击人。侵略型老鼠的 后代也会尖叫、逃跑、攻击并咬伤人。由于研究的需要,科学家 们把驯服型的老鼠和侵略型的老鼠这两组老鼠进行了交配,生下 的子女要么更加驯服,要么更加富于侵略xing,从中确定出了老鼠的驯服基因。
“千百年来,人类驯服了无数的家畜,”《遗传学》杂志的 主编马克·约翰斯顿说,“在此期间,许多民间传说和神话赋予 驯化神化以色彩,事实上遗传学在驯化动物的过程中发挥了很大的 作用,这一研究为这一现象提供了可靠的科学依据,并可通过基 因改变,驯服非洲水牛等以前不能驯服的动物。
推荐原始出处:
Genetics, Vol. 182, 541-554, June 2009,doi:10.1534/genetics.109.102186
Genetic Architecture of Tameness in a Rat Model of Animal Domestication
Frank W. Albert*,1, ?rjan Carlborg, Irina Plyusnina, Francois Besnier, Daniela Hedwig*, Susann Lautenschl?ger*, Doreen Lorenz*, Jenny McIntosh*, Christof Neumann*, Henning Richter*, Claudia Zeising*, Rimma Kozhemyakina, Olesya Shchepina, Jürgen Kratzsch, Lyudmila Trut, Daniel Teupser, Joachim Thiery, Torsten Sch?neberg**, Leif Andersson, and Svante P??bo*,
* Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, ** Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden and Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
1 Corresponding author: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Evolutionary Genetics, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
A common feature of domestic animals is tameness—i.e., they tolerate and are unafraid of human presence and handling. To gain insight into the genetic basis of tameness and aggression, we studied an intercross between two lines of rats (Rattus norvegicus) selected over >60 generations for increased tameness and increased aggression against humans, respectively. We measured 45 traits, including tameness and aggression, anxiety-related traits, organ weights, and levels of serum components in >700 rats from an intercross population. Using 201 genetic markers, we identified two significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) for tameness. These loci overlap with QTL for adrenal gland weight and for anxiety-related traits and are part of a five-locus epistatic network influencing tameness. An additional QTL influences the occurrence of white coat spots, but shows no significant effect on tameness. The loci described here are important starting points for finding the genes that cause tameness in these rats and potentially in domestic animals in general.
本文来自:逍遥右脑记忆 http://www.jiyifa.cn/tansuo/500634.html
相关阅读: