1．____________ vt.建设；修建→____________ n．建设；建筑物
2．____________ vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→____________ n.
3．____________ adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的
4．____________ n．移动；运动；动作→____________ v.
5．____________ adj.热情的；热心的→____________ n.
6．____________ adj.小心的；谨慎的→____________ adv.→____________ n.
7．____________ vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→____________ n.
8．____________ n．宇宙；世界
答案：1.construct；construction 2.contribute；contribution 3.positive 4.movement；move 5.enthusiastic；enthusiasm
6．cautious；cautiously；caution 7.reject；rejection 8.universe
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．________________ 为……做贡献或捐款；导致；有助于
2．________________ 除……之外；此外
3．________________ 对……要求严格
4．________________ 导致；通向
5．________________ 讲得通；有意义
6．________________ 对……热情
7．________________ 对……谨慎
8．________________ 态度；观点；看法
答案：1.contribute to 2.apart from 3.(be) strict with
4．lead to 5.make sense 6.be enthusiastic about
7．be cautious about 8.point of view
Ⅲ.必背句型
1．____________________________of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
答案：Only if you put the sun there did the movements
2．Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis______________________________.
然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙赖以建立思想的基础。
答案：on which all our ideas of the universe are built
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．The origins of the ________(宇宙)are still a mystery.
答案：universe
2．The May 4th ________(运动) of 1919 is very important in the history of China.
答案：movement
3．Our teacher tells us that exercise ________(有助于)to good health.
答案：contributes
4．Several ________(热情的) young teachers have just started working at the school.
答案：enthusiastic
5．She’s got a really ________(积极的)attitude to life.
答案：positive
6．When her husband left home she felt ________(抛弃)and useless.
答案：rejected
Ⅱ.选词填空
reject；be strict with；enthusiastic；make sense of；make sense；cautious
1．I can’t ____________________this poem，but perhaps I will if I read it again.
答案：make sense of
2．Although I ____________________ by the university, I didn’t lose heart.
答案：had been rejected
3．As she ____________ very __________________ her children, they developed a good studying habit.
答案：was；strict with
4．Only after finishing reading the passage can you find it ____________________.
答案：makes sense
5．With so many people watching him, Jim was very ________________.
答案：cautious
6. He doesn’t sound ________________ about the place, in which his parents have ever worked.
答案：enthusiastic
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．(2011年福州三中检测)I don’t think his reason for being late makes ________.
A．use B．sense
C．value D．cause
解析：选B。考查make构成的短语的区别。句意：我认为他迟到的理由没有道理。make sense在这里是“有道理，讲得通”。
2．(2011年青岛高二检测)The teacher didn’t explain the problem clearly，so many students were ________.
A．confusing B．mixing
C．confused D．mixed
解析：选C。confused感到困惑的。而mixed意为“混杂的”不合题意。
3．(2011年石家庄高二检测)Firemen said the fire was under control，but they warned that the change in weather might ________ a new fire.
A．bring in B．break out
C．result from D．lead to
解析：选D。break out爆发，相当于不及物动词；result from后接原因，意为“由……引起”；lead to意为“导致，造成(后果)”符合题意，故选D。
4．(2011年湖州高二检测)The power station ________last year is a big one.
A．having been built B．built
C．being built D．to be built
解析：选B。考查过去分词作定语。The power station与build之间为被动关系，句中时间状语也暗示了应用过去分词形式作定语。注意having been built不用作定语。
5．(2011年河南实验高二检测)Only in this way ________to get there ahead of time.
A．you can hope B．you did hope
C．can you hope D．did you hope
解析：选C。句意：只有通过这种你才有希望提前到达那里。only修饰状语放在句首，主句要部分倒装，所以选C。B、D两项时态与句意不符。
6．A small but ________ crowd cheered as the players ran onto the field.
A．energetic B．enthusiastic
C．enjoyable D．encouraged
解析：选B。考查形容词的辨析。句意：运动员们进入场地时，虽少却热情的人群欢呼起来。energetic精力旺盛的；enjoyable令人愉快的；encouraged深受鼓舞的，都不合题意。
7．I cared for none of the presents ________the wonderful bag you bought for my 12th birthday.
A．in addition to B．as well as
C．in addition D．apart from
解析：选D。本题考查介词短语的意义和用法。根据题干语境意义，尤其是wonderful一词，可以推断讲话者只喜欢这件生日礼物，in addition to和as well as一样，表示并列关系，不符合题干意义；而in addition意为“另外”，后不接宾语，且不符合题意；apart from意为“除……之外”。
8．Franklin’s ability to learn from observations and experience________greatly to his success in public life.
A．owed B．contributed
C．attached D．related
解析：选B。句意：富兰克林通过观察和经验的有助于他的。“owe...to...”表示“把……归于……”，应该是“Franklin owed his success in public life to his ability to learn from observations and experience.”；attach...to...表示“把……附属在……”；related是形容词，而句中缺少谓语动词，因此不恰当。
9．—How do you________we go to Beijing for our holidays?
—I think we’d better fly there.It’s much more comfortable.
A．insist B．want
C．suppose D．suggest
解析：选D。根据答语可知，此处应选择suggest，意为“建议”。
10．Our students ought to ________our share to the coming college students’ sports meeting in our city.
A．contribute B．construct
C．instruct D．introduce
解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。contribute意为“奉献，贡献”。句意：我们应该为即将在我市举办的生运动会奉献自己的力量。而construct意为“建设”；instruct意为“指导”；introduce意为“介绍”，都不符合句子语境意义。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Every morning my friend would stop on the way to work to have a quick breakfast with her 8yearold son.Then she__1__him off at school.They ate the same thing every morning：an egg sandwich，juice，coffee for her，and milk for him.
One day she ordered a(n)__2__breakfast.Once they finished eating and were heading out of the door，she__3__，said good morning to a homeless man sitting outside of the__4__，and gave him the breakfast she had ordered for him.He__5__her，telling her it was his first meal during the last several__6__.She couldn’t help but feel__7__and was glad she finally took__8__.
She told her son that she had seen the man every day that week there and that__9__，herself included，had offered him__10__，support，food，or drink.She__11__explained that homelessness could happen to anyone and that it was important to__12__needy people.
So her “Tradition of Kindness” __13__.Each day she and her son went on to__14__the homeless man breakfast.The__15__was kept until they moved away several years later，__16__the experience was firmly put into her son’s mind.
My friend__17__every time she tells me 高二 that this “Tradition of Kindness” goes on with her son，who remembers this__18__tradition.Now working in a company，her son stops every morning at Starbucks for a coffee and offers a homeless person a breakfast before going to the__19__.
What a great tradition that he can__20__to his children as well!
【解题导语】 一个偶然的机会，作者的朋友把一份早餐给了一个流浪者，从此她和儿子开始了给流浪者买早餐的行动，这也成了他们的一个传统，她的儿子参加后依然继续着这种行动。
1．A.sent B．dropped
C．called D．drove
解析：选B。根据句中at school可知，作者的朋友开车把儿子送到学校。drop sb.off让……下车。
2．A.light B．expensive
C．ordinary D．extra
解析：选D。根据下文内容可知，作者的朋友把一份早餐给了一个流浪者，这说明那份早餐是多出来的。
3．A.stopped B．escaped
C．backed D．hid
解析：选A。作者的朋友和一个流浪者说话并给他早餐，说明她停了下来。
4．A.shop B．market
C．hotel D．restaurant
解析：选D。作者的朋友刚吃完早餐出来，由此可推断那个流浪者在饭店门口。
5．A.recognized B．refused
C．thanked D．found
解析：选C。根据常理，作者的朋友给那个流浪者早餐，他应该表示感谢。
6．A.days B．minutes
C．months D．weeks
解析：选A。根据下一段every day that week可知，这个流浪者已经好几天没有吃东西了。
7．A.cold B．good
C．strange D．nervous
解析：选B。根据后半句中was glad可知，作者感到很开心。
8．A.action B．time
C．care D．effect
解析：选A。这里用短语take action，指的是她帮助了那个流浪者买早饭。作者的朋友每天早晨都在这里吃饭，今天是第一次给那个流浪者买早餐，所以是终于采取了行动。
9．A.everyone B．someone
C．no one D．anyone
解析：选C。根据第二段it was his first meal可知，那个星期里，在她给那个流浪者早餐前，没有人帮助他，包括她自己在内。
10．A.education B．information
C．comfort D．safety
解析：选C。与句中support，food，drink相应的是comfort，指对那个流浪者的安慰。
11．A.again B．further
C．once D．first
解析：选B。根据that后面的从句可知，这是她进一步解释的内容，故用further。
12．A.contact B．encourage
C．follow D．help
解析：选D。根据前半句内容可推断，这里指帮助贫穷的人是很重要的。
13．A.began B．existed
C．failed D．changed
解析：选A。根据下文内容可知，作者的朋友不断地帮助那个流浪者，说明他们开始了做善事的传统。
14．A.win B．buy
C．show D．award
解析：选B。自从第一次给流浪者买早餐后，他们继续这种善举，因此用buy。
15．A.promise B．agreement
C．order D．practice
解析：选D。这里用practice指他们给流浪者买早餐的这种行为习惯。
16．A.although B．so
C．but D．because
解析：选C。他们搬家后就中断了这种善举，但是这段经历却深深地印在了儿子的心里。前后为转折关系。
17．A.cries B．jumps
C．jokes D．smiles
解析：选D。根据as后面的内容可知，她对儿子的行为表示赞许，因此应该保持微笑。
18．A.school B．childhood
C．youth D．adulthood
解析：选B。根据第一段her 8yearold son可推断，为流浪者提供早餐的传统从她儿子童年时就开始了。
19．A.office B．cinema
C．store D．library
解析：选A。根据working in a company可知，她儿子给一个无家可归的人提供早餐后再去上班。
20．A.connect B．relate
C．pass D．move
解析：选C。根据to his children可知，作者希望他能够把这个传统也传给他的孩子们。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Researchers at Oregon State University(OSU)have made important progress in work that should lead toward robots that can not only walk and run very well，but use little energy at the same time.
Studies are moving closer to designing robots that could do dangerous work，create prosthetic limbs(假肢)for humans that work much better than in the past，or even help some people who use wheelchairs to get“walking”abilities.
“Researchers have been working toward robot movement for a long time，”said Jonathan Hurst，a professor at OSU.“What we’ve done is to study what behavior is really possible for a robot.”
The movement of humans and other animals is difficult to copy.Using little energy，they can move easily over hard areas，and enjoy balance from muscles(肌肉)．They have different ways to deal with forces，such as holding something hard in place rigidly(牢牢地)，like the act of holding a cup of coffee level during a car ride.In their recent studies，the OSU researchers proved that these two_abilities are mutually exclusive(相互排斥的)．Humans deal with this problem by using pairs of muscles.For a robot，the more it’s able to do one of these tasks，the less able it is to do the other.
Presently，robots that can walk and run must be as rigid as possible while walking.But this way uses a lot of energy.The OSU researchers are working toward something that has similar or better performance，but uses far less energy，and is closer to the abilities of animals.
“So there’s no reason why we shouldn’t be able to build robots with good movement ability，”Hurst said.“Clearly this might be useful in highly dangerous situations.But I could also see great improvements possible with prosthetic limbs that work much better than present technology.”
【解题导语】 如何使机器人不但能够走得好跑得好，而且还消耗较少的能量，这是摆在科学家面前的一个大问题。Oregon State University的研究者们正对此进行研究。
1．The robots being studied by researchers at OSU________.
A．are successful now
B．use little energy
C．do better than before
D．can run faster than humans
解析：选C。细节理解题。文章第一段指出，Oregon State University的研究者们所研究的机器人仍然处于研究阶段，文章只是表明取得了很大的进步。因此，对于其性能怎么样还很难确定。故答案选C。
2．Which of the following have researchers been studying all the time?
A．The robots’ movement.
B．The robots’ weight.
C．The robots’ sizes.
D．The robots’ walking speed.
解析：选A。细节理解题。根据文章第三段的What we’ve done is to study what behavior is really possible for a robot可知，研究者们一直在研究机器人可以做哪些动作。故答案选A。
3．The underlined words“two abilities”in Para.4 refer to________.
A．walking and running
B．walking and holding
C．moving and using little energy
D．moving and balancing
解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据文章第四段的Using little energy，they can move easily over hard areas，and enjoy balance from muscles.可知，人类和动物在运动时能够保持身体平衡，因此，后面提到的这两项能力就是指的这两项。故答案选D。
4．According to Jonathan Hurst，we know that robots with good movement ability________.
A．can be used in medical science
B．are only used in highly dangerous situations
C．will hardly be created in the future
D．will have a bad influence on man
解析：选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Jonathan Hurst所说的话，很长时间以来，制造出这样的机器人不是不可能，它们将有助于高危险区作业，也可用于假肢方面(医学)。故答案选A。
5．Which section of a newspaper is this passage probably taken from?
A．Business. B．Science.
C．Environment. D．Advertisement.
解析：选B。文章出处题。该文介绍了Oregon State University的研究者们对机器人的最新研究，因此该文最有可能从与科学相关的栏目中摘选，故选B。
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