2013高考英语考点解析：对称原则中的省略现象

2013年高考将于6月7日、8日举行，高考频道编辑为广大考生整理了2013高考英语复习核心考点解析，帮助大家备考。

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_____it more difficult.

A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make

在解这道题之前,我们先来探讨以下三个问题:

一、对称原则及其在高考试题中的应用

并列连词and.or,but,while等连接的前后两个部分有某种对称性,或曰前后的词形要一致。

比如说前面是动词,后面也要是动词;前面是过去式,后面也要是过去式;前面是主动语态,后面也要用主动语态,如此等等。掌握这种对称原则,对解单项填空和短文改错有很大用处。下面举数例高考试题佐证。

例1:My brother ______while he ______his bicycle and hurt himself.(MET'89)

A.fell,was riding B.fell were riding

C.had fallen,rode D.had fallen,was riding

[分析]答案A.根据对称原则,and连接的并列谓语时态要一致,后面hurt是过去式,前面也应用过去式fell.while从句表示fell动作发生的时间是“在骑自行车时”,应用过去进行时。

例2:On saturday afternoon,Mr Green went to the market,_____some bananas and

visited her cousin.(MET'91)

A.boughtB.buying C.to buyD.buy

[分析]答案A.此题是含and连接的三个并列谓语,第一,三个动词用了过去式(went,visited),第二个必然要用过去式。

例3:Playing football not only makes up grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.(NMET'98)

[分析] not only … but also … 在这里连接并列谓语,根据对称原则,前面用的是一般现在时单数第三人称形式makes,后面一个应是一般现在时单数第三人称,故这行give应改为gives.

例4:They eager to know everything about 93.______China and asked me lots of questions.(NMET'96)

[分析]在这道改错题中这句话的主语是they,and连接的并列谓语第二个是过去式asked,根据对称原则,第一个也应是过去式。但eager是形容词,前面须加be的过去形式were.

二、对称原则中的省略现象

两个(或更多)作用相同的词,词组并列使用,后面一个为了避免重复而将与前面一个相同的情态动词,助动词、不定式前面的to和名词前面的冠词等省略。高考试题中并列结构第二个省略某些词语现象时有出现。又如:

例5:The police found that the house______and a lot of things ______.(MET'91)

A.has broken into,has been stolen B.had broken into,had been stolen

C.has been broken into,stolen D.had been broken into,stolen

[分析]答案D.主句谓语动词found后有两个并列的宾语从句,因为其主语the house和a lot of things是物,谓语动词应用过去完成时被动语态。为避免重复第二省略了相同的助动词had been.

例6:The car was quite old but in excellent condition.

这部车子相当旧,但机器性能还非常好。

[分析]but后省略了相同的连系动词were.

例7:The noun is the name of a person or thing.名词是人或物的名称。

[分析]thing前省略了相同的冠词a.

例8:It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.(NMET'96)89._____.

[分析]此题it是形式主语,and连接两个不定式to meet me 和to drive me 是真正的主语。为避免重复第二个不定式要省略to,所以drove要改成drive.

三、具有对比意义时,第二个不定式不省略to

To be or not to be ——that is the question.是生是死,就是问题所在。

I came not to scold,but to praise you.我来不是骂你,而是夸你的。

To try anf fail is better than not to try at all.尝试失败总比不尝试好。

两个不定式相距较远,即使中间没有对比关系,为避免意思上的含混,后面不定式to也不省略。如:

We are to take the train to Hancow and after that to travel up the Changjiang River by ship.我们将坐火车到汉口,然后再坐船沿长江往上行。

现在回到本文开头的那道高考题,它含有用逗号分开的两个不定式短语,to make life easier 和not tomake it more difficulet,句中并列作连系动词be(is)的表语,因为有强烈的对比意义,不定式符号to不省略,所以B为其正确答案。

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