本部分将常用易混词和词组归纳为127例,进行详细的辨析,并举例说明,以便于考生掌握使用。以下这些词大部分出现在大纲词表上,考生应在学习中特别注意加以区分。
(83)original a. /creative a.
除了其他意思之外,这两个词都有“创造”的含义。original强调“原创的”,比creative的含义窄一些,突出发源地的概念,原创的概念;creative强调“创造,有创造性”,突出从无到有的创造过程。
例:The masses have boundless creative power.
人民大众有着无穷的创造力。
James was one of the most creative writers.
詹姆斯是最有创造性的作家之一。
He found it hard to form an original opinion.
他觉得很难有新意。
She won an award for the most original design.
她获得了最佳创意设计奖。
(84)particular a. /special a.
particular意为“特殊的,特别的,某一特定的”,强调相对general而言的特定性,有时可与specific互换使用;special意为“专门的,特殊的,独特的”,含有不寻常,不一般的意思。
例:That particular house is very nice,although the rest of them are not.
其他的房子都不怎么样,就那所房子非常不错。
I have something very particular to tell you.
我有事要专门对你讲。
Tonight is a special occasion and we have something very special for dinner.
今晚是个不寻常的时刻,我们的晚餐也很特别。
(85)possession n. /procession n.
这两个词词形与发音相近,易混淆。possession意为“占有,拥有,财物”;procession意为“行进,行列”,常与in一起用。
例:Possession of wealth does not necessarily bring happiness.
有钱不一定会给人带来快乐。
The stupid old man soon lost all his possessions.
那个笨老头很快就把他的财产丢光了。
The workers marched in procession to the president’s office.
工人们列队向总裁的办公室走去。
The wedding procession moved slowly down the aisle.
婚礼的队伍在过道间缓慢走过。
(86)principal a.&n. /principle n.
这两个词发音与词形相近,很容易搞混。principal作形容词意为“主要的,首要的”,作名词时意为“校长,本金”;principle为名词,意为“原则,原理”。
例:He has been the principal singer of our troop.
他是我们团的主唱。
Those are the principal points I want to explain to everybody.
这些便是我要向大家解释的要点。
She has been the principal of this school for ten years.
她已经在这所学校里当了10年校长。
What he said is against my principle.
他的话与我的原则相悖。
(87)range n. /scale n. /scope n.
range意为“距离,范围”;scale意为“规模,等级”;scope的含义较窄,意思是“范围,机会”。
例:The transmitter has a range of 10,000 miles.
发射机的发射范围是方圆1万英里。
We teach the full range of ball room dances.
我们教授所有的交谊舞。
On a scale of 1 to 10 how do you rate his performance?
如果用1到10给他打分的话,你给他的表演打几分?
The scale of the pollution problem was much worse than scientists had predicted.
污染的规模大大超过了科学家先前的预测。
The politics of the country is really beyond the scope of a tourist book like this.
国家的政策问题的确超出了象这样一本旅游书的内容范围。
(88)recent a. /current a.
recent意为“最近,新近的”;current意为“当前的,现时的”。
例:The bicycle is a recent purchase.
这辆自行车是最近才买的。
Of these recent magazines, only one is still current.
这些近期杂志中只有一本是当月的。
The current fashions are more casual than those in the 90s.
现在的时尚比90年代的时尚更要随意。
They talked about the current events when they met again that night.
那晚他们见面时谈了一些时事。
(89)remind sb. of/warn sb. of/remember sb. to sb.
这三个词组都有向某人提及某事的意思。warn sb. of sth. 语气最严肃。常指“警告某人有某种危险,要某人不要做某事,等等。remind sb. of指要某人想起某事,重申其重要性或认为值得记起。remember sb. to sb. 指求某人代自己向某人问好。
例:Please keep in mind what the teacher warns you of. 请记住老师警告你的话。
This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.
这家旅馆使我想起我们去年住过的那家。
Don’t forget to remember me to Lyle when you see her, please.
见丽莉时别忘了替我向她问好。
(90)resident n. /inhabitant n.
两个词都有居民的含义,resident多指“住在大楼、公寓等住所的住户或城市居民”,inhabitant多指“居住在某一地区的居民”。
例:The inhabitants of this tropical island are very friendly.
这个热带岛国的居民对人很友好。
The residents of the town are proud of its new library.
城里的居民都为他们的新图书馆感到骄傲。
Only resident can drink in the hotel bar.
旅店酒吧只对住店客人开放。
(91)resist v. /oppose v.
resist意为“反抗,抵抗,顶住”;oppose意为“反对”,常出现在习语be opposed to中,表示“反对,违反,相反”。
例:The nation was unable to resist the invasion.
这个国家无法抵御入侵。
No boy can resist the temptation of video games.
男孩子很难抵御电子游戏的诱惑。
He opposed the idea immediately.
他马上表示反对这个想法。
This sort of thing is utterly opposed to all my principles.
这种事完全违反我的原则。
(92)security n. /safety n.
security意为“安全,保卫”,较safety正式,多指安全感,国家、社会的安全;safety指“处于安全状态,没有危险”,具体指人身、货物等的安全。
例:For security reasons the passengers have to be searched.
出于安全原因,对所有乘客都要进行检查。
The captain is responsible for the safety of the ship.
船长对船只的安全负责。
(93)see v. / catch sight of /spot v. /recognize v.
see指经过有意识地使用视觉器官才能“看到”,另外多指明白,理解;catch sight of是指被看到的东西进入了眼帘,而不是有意识地去使用视觉器官,可译为“瞥见”;spot指从人群中或同类事物中认出一个;recognize指认出,认识到是以前曾见过的事物。
例:We must give the image of what we actually see.
我们一定会对我们看到过的东西留下印象。
I caught sight of him when the thief ran into the shop.
当那个贼跑进那家商店时我瞥见了他。
She spotted his husband in the crowd.
她从人群中认出了她的丈夫。
I recognized Peter although I hadn’t seen him for 10 years.
虽然我有10年没看到彼得了,但我认出了他。
(94)show v. /demonstrate v. /express v. /indicate v.
show最常用词,指被别人看见或把某物指给别人看,教别人如何做。demonstrate正式用词,在展示、表明事情是如何做时可与show通用,但不作“被看见”讲。express指通过语言或表情,表达出自己的想法和要求。indicate指通过信号或标志,指示出方向、意图或要求等。
例:I will show you how to use this computer.
我来给你演示如何使用这台计算机。
The technician demonstrated the laws of physics with laboratory equipment.
该技术员用实验装置演示了物理定律。
I can’t express my gratitude too much.
无论怎样都不足以表达我对你的谢意。
She indicated her approval with a nod. 她点头表明同意。
(95)slow v. /postpone v. /delay v.
slow含有速度有意减慢的意思;postpone指把应做的某种事务搁在一边,意即延搁,或是将原定的事推迟、延期;delay常指由于难以克服的障碍而将某事耽搁或延迟。
例:The driver slowed the car before coming to a full stop.
司机在车完全停下来之前先减慢车速。
We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.
我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。
The bus was delayed by a cloudburst.
由于大暴雨,公共汽车来迟了。
(96)special a. /particular a. /peculiar a. /specific a.
special指与普通的、平常的、一般的东西在某些方面不相像;particular指一类人或事物中特定的、特殊的、独一无二的一个,还可指挑剔的;peculiar指稀奇古怪,与正常的情况、表现相比而使人奇怪罕见;specific指针对某一用途、某种疾病等有特殊作用或特殊效果的。
例:a special occasion特殊场合;a special treat 特别的款待
She has a particular preference for Chinese art.
她对中国艺术有特别的爱好。
Our history teacher has always been a little peculiar.
我们的历史老师总是有点古怪。
a specific remedy for cancer 治疗癌症的特效药;
a specific answer 具体明确的答案
(97)spoil v. /ruin v. /damage v. /break v.
spoil指由于缺乏管教或长者的过分溺爱而“娇惯坏”等;ruin指由于娇惯或纵欲的结果把某人“毁掉”;damage指损害,造成损失或通过陷害之类手段有意“毁坏”某人的名声或健康;break指身心受到摧残而失去勇气、信心等。
例:The child is spoiled by the excessive love from his grandparents.
爷爷奶奶过分的爱把这孩子惯坏了。
I was ruined by that law case.
我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.
暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。
The case damaged greatly the reputation of the official.
这件案子使那名政府官员的名誉大大受损。
The sudden bankrupt of his company broke him heavily.
公司的突然破产使他遭受了严重的打击。
(98)stable a. /steady a.
stable意为“稳定,牢固的”;steady意为“稳固的,平稳的”。
例:The chair isn’t very stable.
这把椅子不太结实。
He finally built a stable business operation.
他终于建立起稳固的商业运作体系。
The table isn’t steady.
这张桌子不太稳。
He is making steady progress in his work.
他的工作正蒸蒸日上。
(99)stress n. /emphasis n.
stress作名词的意思是“重点;紧张,压力”;emphasis意为“强调,重点”。表示强调时两个词在口语中常可互换使用。
例:He puts the emphasis on discipline in his teaching.
他在教学中十分强调纪律。
Quite clearly the emphasis was on reading skills in our English classes.
很清楚,我们的英语课重点是阅读技能。
Her parents always put a lot of stress on good table manner.
她的父母总是强调进餐时的礼貌举止。
The stresses of work made her ill.
工作的压力使她病倒了。
(100)vacation n. /vocation n.
这两个词的词形与发音相近,容易搞混。vacation的意思是“假期,假日”;vocation的意思是“职业”。
例:I think I’ll take a vacation this weekend.
我想这个周末我将去度假。
A doctor’s vocation is medicine.
医生是以行医为职业的。
(101)verify v. /witness v. /prove v. /confirm v.
verify强调通过目击者证言或查对数据“证实”、“证明”某事物的确切性;witness指目击,见证,提供证据,作证;prove指通过经验或实验证明事物的确切性或原理的可靠性;confirm指通过正式的手续“批准”或“确认”某种选择或看法。
例:The police have collected large quantities of evidences to verify their suspicion.
警方已经收集了大量的证据来证明他们的怀疑。
The little girl witnessed that the criminal murdered the woman.
那个小女孩目睹了该罪犯谋杀了那个妇女。
He has proved his courage in battle. 他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。
Please confirm your telephone message by writing to me.
请给我来封信,好进一步证实你在电话中传达的消息。
(102)victory n. /prize n. /reward n. /triumph n.
victory指战争或比赛中获得的胜利,特别是指敌人或者对手的最终失败;prize指对比赛获胜者或因创立某种业绩而颁发的奖、奖赏、奖金等;reward指因某人做了好事而给予的报答、酬谢或赏金;triumph指在战争或竞争中取得的辉煌胜利或由之而产生的胜利感。
例:They finally got the final victory in that battle after a 7-day struggle.
经过7天的奋战,他们终于获得了那场战役的最终胜利。
The boy got the first prize in the speech contest.
这个男孩在演讲比赛中得了一等奖。
The man obtained a reward of $900 from the police for catching the criminal.
这名男子因抓获罪犯而从警方那里得到了900美元的酬金。
If a man has a talent and learns how to make full use of it, he has gloriously succeeded, and won a triumph few men ever know.
如果一个人具有才干并学会了如何充分利用它,他已经大大的成功了,并获得了只有极少数人才知道的成功。
(103)wander v. /wonder v.
这两个词词形与发音相近,容易混淆。wander意为“游荡,漫游”;wonder意为“想知道,感到奇怪”。
例:We wandered all over the countryside.
我们在乡下到处游荡。
I wonder what they call these flowers.
我不知道他们管这些花叫什么。
I wonder that he wasn’t injured in the accident.
我真没想到在事故中他居然毫发无损。
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