【导语】高二一年,强人将浮出水面,鸟人将沉入海底。 高二重点解决三个问题:一,吃透课本;二，找寻适合自己的学习方法；三，总结自己考试技巧，形成习惯。为了帮助你的学习更上一层楼，逍遥右脑为你准备了《人教版高二英语必修三语法知识点：过去分词做状语》希望可以帮到你！

Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

　　Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..

　　Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

　　Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.

　　过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。

　　Heated , water changes into steam .

　　The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .

　　1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句

　　Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …

　　2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。

　　When heated , water can be changed into steam .

　　Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…

　　3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句

　　Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….

　　Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …

4 作方式或伴随状语

　　The actress came in , followed by her fans .

　　She sat by the window , lost in thought .

　　5 作让步状语

　　Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….

　　6 独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。

　　The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .

　　All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .

　　Rewrite with proper conjunctions

　　 Example : United we stand, divided we fall.

　　If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.

　　1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.

　　→When he was asked what had happened, …

　　2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.

　　→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …

　　3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.

　　If we were given more time,

4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.

　　Once it was translated into Chinese,

　　5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.

　　Because she was deeply interested in medicine,

　　6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.

　　Although he was left alone at home,
　　现在分词与过去分词作状语

　　现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，;而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。

　　Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)

　　选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：

　　Used for a long time, the book looks old.

　　由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。

　　Using the book, I find it useful.

　 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用

　　注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态

　　_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)

　　______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)

　　be lost in

　　be dressed in

　　be interested in

　　be devoted to

　　be supposed to? be caught in the rain

　　be seated in

　　be prepared for

　　be determined to

2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构

　　generally speaking　一般说来

　　strictly/ frankly speaking 严格地说/坦白地说

　　judging from 从…判断

　　all things considered 从整体来看

　　taking all things into consideration　全面看来

　　例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。

　　Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.

　　总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 不是dogs 的动作)

　　Practice

　　1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.

　　build frighten trap follow shoot see examine

　　1 ________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.

　　2 The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.

　　3 After having been _________ carefully, the room was locked again.

　　4.______ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.

　　5 _____ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.

　　6 If _____ in a burning building, you should send for help.

　　7 Although ______ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.

练习

　　1 ____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .

　　A Having given B To give C Giving D Given

　　2 ___in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .

　　A Being founded B It was founded

　　C Founded D Founding

　　3 Unless __to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .

　　A invited B inviting

　　C being invited D having invited

　　4 ___,but he still couldn’t understand it .

　　A He had been told many times

　　B Having been told many times

　　C Told many times

　　D Although he had been told many times

　　5 When first ___to the market , these products enjoyed great success .

　　A introducing B introduced

　　C introduce D being introduced

6 There seemed to be nothing ___to do but ___for the doctor .

　　A leave / send B left / to send

　　C left / send D leaving / send

　　作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语，前面又有实意动词 do时，不定式通常省去to

　　7____everywhere , the wolves had no where ___themselves .

　　A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide

　　C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide

　　8 . The ___ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ___ by his naughty boy.

　　A. following, following B. followed, followed

　　C. following, followed D. followed, following

　　9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ___ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well ___ care of in the nursery.

　　A. looked; taken B. looking; taken

　　C. looked; took D. looking; taking

　　10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.

　　A. being tied B. having tied

　　C. to be tied D. tied

　　11. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

　　A. Given B. To give

　　C. Giving D. Having given

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　　（1）大气对太阳辐射的削弱作用：①吸收作用：具有选择性，臭氧吸收紫外线，水汽和二氧化碳吸收红外线。对可见光吸收的很少。②反射作用：云层和颗粒较大的尘埃。云层的反射作用最显著。③散射作用：空气分子或微小尘埃，使一部分太阳辐射不能到达地面。

　　（2）大气对地面的保温作用：大气吸收地面辐射并产生大气逆辐射（射向地面的大气辐射），把部分热量归还给地面，云层越厚大气逆辐射越强。

　　5、全球近地面有7个气压带（高低压相间分布），6个风带。

　　（1）低纬度环流：

　　①赤道低压带：因为热力作用形成，气流辐合上升，易成云致雨，形成多雨带。常年受其控制形成热带雨林气候（亚马孙平原、刚果盆地、东南亚的马来群岛）

　　②副热带高压带：因为动力作用而形成，气流在30度纬度上空聚积而下沉，形成少雨带（东亚季风区除外），常年受其控制的地区形成热带沙漠气候（北非的撒哈拉水沙漠、西亚的沙漠、北美美国西部的沙漠、南美智利、秘鲁西部的沙漠、澳大利亚大沙漠）

　　③信风带：由副高吹向赤道低压的气流，在北半球右偏成东北信风，在南半球左偏成东南信风。

　　（2）中纬度环流：

　　④副极地低压带：由来自低纬的暖气流与来自高纬的冷气流相遇运动上升而形成。形成温带多雨带。

　　⑤中纬西风带：由副高吹向副极地低压带的气流，在北半球右偏成西南风，在南半球左偏成西北风，习惯上叫西风，受其常年控制的地区，在大陆西岸形成温带海洋性气候。（欧洲西部、北美西部如加拿大的温哥华附近、南美南端的安第斯山西侧、澳大利亚南端及塔斯马尼亚岛、新西兰等）

　　（3）高纬环流：

　　⑥极地高压带：因为热力作用而形成，冷空气下沉，形成少雨带。不过极地因为气温低，蒸发更少，所以极地属于降水量大于蒸发量的地区，为湿润地区。

　　⑦极地东风带：由极地高压带吹向副极地低压带的气流，在地转偏向力作用下，北半球右偏成东北风，南半球左偏成东南风。

　　（4）气压带和风带的移动：△移动的原因：随太阳直射点的移动而动。△移动方向：就北半球而言，大致是夏季北移，冬季南移。

　　（5）单一气压带或风带作用形成的气候类型：热带雨林气候（赤道低气压带）、热带沙漠气候（副热带高气压带）、温带海洋性气候（中纬西风带）。

　　（6）气压带、风带移动形成的气候类型：热带草原气候（夏季受赤道低气压带控制，冬季受低纬信风带控制）、地中海气候（夏季受副热带高气压带控制，冬季受中纬西风带控制）。

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