虚拟语气类知识点

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气

If he was here, he ______ us how to do it.

A. toldB. would tellC. had toldD. have told

此题应选 B。该题考察与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语动词用过去式, 主句的谓语则要用 would (should, could, might)+动词原形：

If there were no subjective mood, English wouldbe much easier. 要是没有虚拟语气, 英语就会容易得多了。

If I knew his telephone number, I would ring himup. 我要是知道他的电话号码, 我就给他打电话了。

在虚拟条件句, 动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数), 但在现代英语, 单数情况也可以用was：

We could ask him if he were [was] here. 他要是在 这里, 我们就可以问问他了。

但是在某些表达(If I were you, as it were等)中, be只用were这一形式：

If I were you, I should go and see the doctor atonce. 假若我是你, 我会马上去看医生。

The sky is covered, as it were, with a blackcurtain. 天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。

有时在虚拟条件句也可能用 could, might 等, 那多半是因为语义的需要：

If he could help you, he would help you. 要是他能够帮助你的话, 他会帮助你的。

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气

?If he ______, he ______ that food.

?Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warmed, would not takeB. had been warmed, would not have taken

C. would be warmed, had not takenD. would have been warmed, had not taken

此题应选 B。该题考察与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语用 had＋过去分词，主句的谓语用 would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词：

1. If she had worked harder, she ______.

A. would succeedB. had succeededC. should succeedD. would have succeeded

2. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.

A. had been;would have preventedB. had been;would prevent

C. were;wouldD. were;would have prevented

3. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.

A. has comeB. did come&nbnbsp;C. cameD. had come

4. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ______ so tired.

A. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven; wouldn’t have got

答案：1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D

3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气

If we ______ 200 years old, we ______ everything.

A. were to be, could changeB. had been, changed

C. were, would have changedD. should be, changed

此题应选A。该题考察与将来事实相反的虚拟语气, 此时的主句谓语通常用would(should, could, might)＋动词原形, 而从句谓语可能有以下几种情况：

1. 从句谓语用过去式：

If your father knew this, he would be angry. 要是你父亲知道了, 他会生气的。

If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would beput off. 要是明天下雨, 运动会就推迟。

2. 从句谓语用should+动词原形(通常指可能性极小的事情, 一般译为“万一”)：

If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 要是有雨, 这庄稼还有救。

此类句型的主句谓语有时可以用祈使句甚至将来时态：

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨, 就不要等我了。

If I should be free tomorrow, I will come. 万一我明天有空, 我就来。

3. 从句谓语用were to+动词原形 (通常指可能性极小可或近乎不可能, 有时指出乎意料)：

If the sun were to rise in the west, my love foryou would not change. 即使太阳从西边出, 我对你的爱也不会变。

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