动词、动词短语和介词
【2012年高考命题预测】
动词、动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的部分之一，历年高考都很重视对这方面的考查。这一部分拿分的关键就是平时的积累。请同学们务必掌握常见动词构成的短语：turn、make、give、put、get、call、look、take、set、break、pick、go、have、keep等。
高考对介词的考查主要体现在1、介词的基本用法及常用搭配；2、介词短语的辨析。
【重难点突破】
一、下面我们用一些高考题来展示一下高考对动词和动词短语这一知识点的考查方式。
（2011?全国新课标卷）34．William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to___．【C】
A．disappear B．fall C．fail D．damage
考查常见单词fail的不常见用法。表示“（视力、健康等）衰退”
（2011?安徽卷）21．As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered．【D】
A．begins B．happens C．ends D．develops
考查具体语境中的动词词义辨析。“随着故事发展，真相逐渐被发现。”
（2011?湖北卷）29．The government has taken measures to the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable．【B】
A．take down B．bring down C． hand down D．tear down
（2011?辽宁卷）26．The exam results will be on Friday afternoon．【C】
A．put down B．put off C．put up D．put away
以上两题考查常见动词的短语辨义。Bring down 表示“降低”，
Put up 表示“张贴”。
二、介词
【概述】介词用于表明他后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分之间的关系。
介词的基本用法口诀
早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。
有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，
收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。
特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下，above、below则不然，
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。'
beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。
besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。
同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。
since以来during间，since时态多变换。
与之相比beside，除了last but one。
复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。
常用介词对比
1.during和for
during表示”在……整个期间”或“在……期间中的某一时候”
during the week 整个星期中
during the vacation 度假期间
during my absence我不在的时候
for强调时间(持续)的长度
for a week 一个星期
for several days 几天
for two hours 两个小时
2.since和for
since和for都可表示时间的延续，与动词完成时连用。since 表示“从过去某一时间(开始)直到现在”；for 在表示时间持续的长度。
I have learned English since five years ago/since 2000.
我从五年前(开始)就一直在学英语。
I have lear ned English for five years.
我学了五年英语。
3.till和until
till和until同义，都有“直到……为止”的含义，until较为正式。
till和until用于肯定句，表示时间延续的终点，谓语动词一般是延续性动词。
I will be here till(until)ten o'clock tomorrow.
我一直到明天10点都会在这里。
I waited until three O'clock，but he didn't come.
我一直等到3点钟，但他没有来。
till和until用于否定句时，表示某动作“直到……才(开始)”，其谓语动词一般是终止性动词。
He didn't finish the work till yesterday.
他直到昨天才结束那工作。
The noise of the street didn't stop until midnight.
街上的嘈杂声一直到午夜才停止。
4 .by 和before
by表示动作完成的期限，译为”在……之前”、“不迟于”。
I want to be there by eleven.
我想要十一点之前到那儿。
Will you please finish the work by Sunday?
请你在周日之前完成工作好么？
before表示“在……之前”，指(时间)在某人或某物前
He arrived before me.
他在我之前到达。
the day before yesterday 前天
the year before last前年
5. from, since和between
from表示时间的起点，常常和to连用。
I am on holiday from 30 June.
我从6月30日开始休假。
I lived in Shanghai from 1955 to 1968.
我从1955年至1968年在上海居住。
since 表示“从过去某一时间(开始)直到现在” ，用于完成时。
I have not eaten anything since breakfast.
我早饭后到现在什么都没吃。
between表示在两个时间之间, 常常和and连用。
I am free between Monday and Wednesday.
我周一至周三有空。
6. past 和to用于表示时刻
ten past nine 9:10
ten to nine 8:50
7. above，below，over，under和on
above指离开表面的“面”、“上方”，表示“在……上方”，其反义词是below。
below表示“在……下面”，指位置“低于”或指“在垂直线上的某一点之下”，或“在海平面或地平线之下”。
over 指离开表面的“垂直正上方”或“覆盖”，其反义词是under。
under指离开表面的下面，表示“在……下方”，也可指“在……下面(指两个表面接触)”。
a lamp over the table
a fly above the table
a cup on the table
under the table
below the table
在表示“比某物高时”，over 和above用法相同：
They built a room over/above the garage.
他们在车库上面加盖了一个房间。
8.across, over, through, along, around, round和about
across指越过、横过，表示“从这一边到那一边”
A boy swam across the river.
一个男孩游过这条河。
He went across the street.
他横穿过街道。
over 表示翻越物体到达另一端
over the hill 翻过山
A thief jumped over the wall and ran away.
小偷翻墙逃跑了。
through指从(空间里)穿过、通过，表示“从……一端穿过到另一端”。
The thief got in through the window.
小偷是穿过窗户进来的
The River Thames flows through London.
泰晤士河流经伦敦。
It took us two hours to walk through the forest.
我们花了两个小时穿过森林。
along表示运动的方向，意思是“沿着”、“顺着”。
We are walking along the street.
我们沿着街道散步。
There are trees along the river.
河两岸都有树木。
around和round的意思是“围绕”；“在……附近”；“在……各处”。美语中多用around.
The earth moves around/round the sun.
地球绕着太阳运行。
He went around/round the corner
他绕过拐角。
They sat around/round the table.
他们围着桌子坐。
Can I look around/round?
我可以四处看看么？
About的意思是“四处，到处”
They walked around/about the town.
他们在城里到处走。
He is traveling about the world.
他正在周游世界。
around, round, about都可以表示“大约”。
There are around/round/about fifty people there.
那儿有大约五十人。
He arrived at around/round/about ten o'clock.
他大约十点钟到了。
9.between和among
between表示地点、位置、关系，意思是“在……两者之间”。
可用between A and B的形式，也可以在between之后使用能够代表两者的词。
among表示位置意思是“在……中间”；“在……内部”它通常指三者或三者以上之间。
The village lies between two mountains.
村子坐落在两山之间。
The village lies among the mountains.
村子位于群山之间。
The little boy is sitting between his parents.
这个男孩坐在他父母亲之间。
They are among the trees.
他们在树丛中。
There are some American students among us.
我们当中有些美国学生。
10. behind，in front of，before, after
behind表示静态位置，意思是“在……后面”、“在……背后”，其反义词是in front of。
before表示顺序“在……前面”,其反义词是after。
I stood behind/in front of the tree.
我站在树后面/前面。
Your name comes after mine on the list.
在名单上，你的名字在我的名字之后。
He puts his work before everything.
他把工作放在第一位。
We were in the queue before you.
我们排在你前面。
11. in front of和 in the front of
There is a desk in the front of classroom.
教室前面有一张桌子。
There is a small river in front of the house.
房子前面有条小河。
12. beside，next to, by和near
beside和next to表示“在……旁边”
beside/next to the door在门旁边
I keep a dictionary beside/next to me while I am reading a newspaper.
我看报纸的时候在身旁放一本词典。
by和near表示“在附近”，by距离更近，near则稍远
a house by the church 教堂附近的一所房子
by the sea 在海边
near Beijing 在北京附近
13.inside和outside
inside表示“在(向)……里面、内部”。outside表示“在(向)……外面”。
Put the bird inside its cage.
请把鸟放进笼子里。
You can park your car outside the house.
你可以把车停在房子外面。
14.about 表示“有关，关于”
This is a book about flowers.
这是一本关于花卉的书。
Tell me about it.
把这件事告诉我。
He talked about his family.
他谈到他的家人。
What is he so angry about?
他对什么事这么生气？
辨析：about 与on都可以表示“关于，有关”，通常，on有“详尽论述或谈论”的意思，而about则有“论及、谈到”的意思。
a book on Chinese art一本关于中国艺术的论著。
1.during和for
during表示”在……整个期间”或“在……期间中的某一时候”
during the week 整个星期中
during the vacation 度假期间
during my absence我不在的时候
for强调时间(持续)的长度
for a week 一个星期
for several days 几天
for two hours 两个小时
2.since和for
since和for都可表示时间的延续，与动词完成时连用。since 表示“从过去某一时间(开始)直到现在”；for 在表示时间持续的长度。
I have learned English since five years ago/since 2000.
我从五年前(开始)就一直在学英语。
I have learned English for five years.
我学了五年英语。
3.till和until
till和until同义，都有“直到……为止”的含义，until较为正式。
till和until用于肯定句，表示时间延续的终点，谓语动词一般是延续性动词。
I will be here till(until)ten o'clock tomorrow.
我一直到明天10点都会在这里。
I waited until three O'clock，but he didn't come.
我一直等到3点钟，但他没有来。
till和until用于否定句时，表示某动作“直到……才(开始)”，其谓语动词一般是终止性动词。
He didn't finish the work till yesterday.
他直到昨天才结束那工作。
The noise of the street didn't stop until midnight.
街上的嘈杂声一直到午夜才停止。
4 .by 和before
by表示动作完成的期限，译为”在……之前”、“不迟于”。
I want to be there by eleven.
我想要十一点之前到那儿。
Will you please finish the work by Sunday?
请你在周日之前完成工作好么？
before表示“在……之前”，指(时间)在某人或某物前
He arrived before me.他在我之前到达。
the day before yesterday 前天
the year before last前年
5. from, since和between
from表示时间的起点，常常和to连用。
I am on holiday from 30 June.
我从6月30日开始休假。
I lived in Shanghai from 1955 to 1968.
我从1955年至1968年在上海居住。
since 表示“从过去某一时间(开始)直到现在” ，用于完成时。
I have not eaten anything since breakfast.
我早饭后到现在什么都没吃。
between表示在两个时间之间, 常常 和and连用。
I am free between Monday and Wednesday.
我周一至周三有空。
6. past 和to用于表示时刻
ten past nine 9:10
ten to nine 8:50
7. above，below，over，under和on
above指离开表面的“面”、“上方”，表示“在……上方”，其反义词是below。
below表示“在……下面”，指位置“低于”或指“在垂直线上的某一点之下”，或“在海平面或地平线之下”。
over 指离开表面的“垂直正上方”或“覆盖”，其反义词是under。
under指离开表面的下面，表示“在……下方”，也可指“在……下面(指两个表面接触)”。
a lamp over the table
a fly above the table
a cup on the table
under the table
below the table
在表示“比某物高时”，over 和above用法相同：
They built a room over/above the garage.
他们在车库上面加盖了一个房间。
8.across, over, through, along, around, round和about
across指越过、横过，表示“从这一边到那一边”
A boy swam across the river.
一个男孩游 过这条河。
He went across the street.
他横穿过街道。
over 表示翻越物体到达另一端
over the hill 翻过山
A thief jumped over the wall and ran away.
小偷翻墙逃跑了。
through指从(空间里)穿过、通过，表示“从……一端穿过到另一端”。
The thief got in through the window.
小偷是穿过窗户进来的
The River Thames flows through London.
泰晤士河流经伦敦。
It took us two hours to walk through the forest.
我们花了两个小时穿过森林。
along表示运动的方向，意思是“沿着”、“顺着”。
We are walking along the street.
我们沿着街道散步。
There are trees along the river.
河两岸都有树木。
around和round的意思是“围绕”；“在……附近”；“在……各处”。美语中多用around.
The earth moves around/round the sun.
地球绕着太阳运行。
He went around/round the corner
他绕过拐角。
They sat around/round the table.
他们围着桌子坐。
Can I look around/round?
我可以四处看看么？
About的意思是“四处，到处”
They walked around/about the town.
他们在城里到处走。
He is traveling about the world.
他正在周游世界。
around, round, about都可以表示“大约”。
There are around/round/about fifty people there.
那儿有大约五十人。 [来源:学+科+网]
He arrived at around/round/about ten o'clock.
他大约十点钟到了。
9.between和among
between表示地点、位置、关系，意思是“在……两者之间”。
可用between A and B的形式，也可以在between之后使用能够代表两者的词。
among表示位置意思是“在……中间”；“在……内部”它通常指三者或三者以上之间。
The village lies between two mountains.
村子坐落在两山之间。
The village lies among the mountains.
村子位于群山之间。
The little boy is sitting between his parents.
这个男孩坐在他父母亲之间。
They are among the trees.
他们在树丛中。
There are some American students among us.
我们当中有些美国学生。
10. behind，in front of，before, after
behind表示静态位置，意思是“在……后面”、“在……背后”，其反义词是in fron t of。
before表示顺序“在……前面”,其反义词是after。
I stood behind/in front of the tree.
我站在树后面/前面。
Your name comes after mine on the list.
在名单上，你的名字在我的名字之后。
He puts his work before everything.
他把工作放在第一位。
We were in the queue before you.
我们排在你前面。
11. in front of和 in the front of
There is a desk in the front of classroom.
教室前面有一张桌子。
There is a small river in front of the house.
房子前面有条小河。
12. beside，next to, by和near
beside和next to表示“在……旁边”
beside/next to the door在门旁边
I keep a dictionary beside/next to me while I am reading a newspaper.[来源:学.科.网]
我看报纸的时候在身旁放一本词典。
by和near表示“在附近”，by距离更近，near则稍远
a house by the church 教堂附近的一所房子
by the sea 在海边
near Beijing 在北京附近
13.inside和outside
inside表示“在(向)……里面、内部”。outside表示“在(向)……外面”。
Put the bird inside its cage.
请把鸟放进笼子里。
You can park your car outside the house.
你可以把车停在房子外面。
14.about 表示“有关，关于”
This is a book about flowers.
这是一本关于花卉的书。
Tell me about it.
把这件事告诉我。
He talked about his family.
他谈到他的家人。
What is he so angry about?
他对什么事这么生气？
辨析：about 与on都可以表示“关于，有关”，通常，on有“详尽论述或谈论”的意思，而about则有“论及、谈到”的意思。
a book on Chinese art一本关于中国艺术的论著。
a book about Chinese art一本有关中国艺术的书
15.above和over都可用于表示“多于……”。
There are above/over thirty members.
有30名成员。
但是，它们各自有不同的习惯用法。
above zero零度以上
over fifty 年过半百[来源:Zxxk.Com]
【高考真题剖析】
（2011?全国II）14．This shop will be closed for repairs _____further notice．【B】
A．with B．until C．for D．at
（2011?四川卷）8．Nick, it’s good for you to read some books _____China before you start your trip there．【D】[来源:Zxxk.Com]
A．in B．for C．of D．on
（2011?北京卷）35．With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken color．【D】
A．by B．for C．with D．in
（2011?天津卷）11．He was a good student and scored _______ average in most subjects．【D】
A．below B．of C．on D．above
（10上海）25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
A. between B. along C. below D. with
答案：【B】考察介词的用法。根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。
（2011?重庆卷）24．Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ______ the library．
A．in B．for C．by D．from
答案【D】考察介词的用法。根据句意“Shirley经常带来自图书馆的书回家读。”，表示“来自”时，应选择D。
（2011?福建卷）28．I’d prefer to my judgment until I find all the evidence．
A．show B．express C．pass D．reserve
答案【D】考察动词辨义。根据句意“我宁愿保 留判断直到找到所有证据。”表示“保留”时，应选择D
（2011?陕西卷）25．Some insects _____ the color of their surroundings to protect themselves．
A．take in B．take off C．take on D．take out
答案【C】考查动词词组辨义。根据句意“一些昆虫呈现出他们环境的颜色来保护他们自己。”表示“呈现”时，应选择C.
【真题练习】
（10福建）27. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space.
A. in search ofB. in place ofC. for lack ofD. for fear of
27. 答案：C
考点：短语辨析
解析：A. 寻找 B. 代替; C. 因缺乏 D. 生怕，以免。句子的完整意思应该是：大城市建起越来越多的高楼大厦，因为缺乏空间。,
30. We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do. Let’s it.
A. keep up withB. do away withC. get down toD. look forward to
30. 答案：C
考点：动词词组辨析
解析：A. keep up with 保持 B. do away with废除，去掉；C. get down to着手处理D. look forward to盼望，期待
33. ? In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
--I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two .
A. linkedB. relatedC. connectedD. combined33. 答案：D
考点：动词词义辨析
解析：A.; 联系在一起；将人或物连接或联系起来；B. 与…有某种联系;C. 连接，连结；;D. 使联合，使结合；
（10上海）30. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market.
A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as
答案：D
考点：本题考查介词词组。
解析：根据动词travel可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组，本题即为as far as。as far as远到...
（10安徽）22. No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ______you wishing they were that high
A. getting rid of B. getting along with
C. Looking up to D. looking down upon
答案：C.
考点：本题考查动词短语辨析。
解析： getting rid of意为“摆脱；去除”； getting along with意为“与……相处；进展”； Looking up to意为“尊敬；敬仰”； looking down upon意为“看不起；轻视”。句意为“你无论认为自己怎样低下，总希望有个高尚的人来尊敬你。”
23. ----How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
----To be honest, his singing didn’t _______to me much
A. appeal B . belong C refer D. occur
答案：A.
考点：本题考查动词辨析。
解析： appeal to 意为“吸引”；belong to意为“属于”；refer to意为“提到；涉及”；occur to意为“突然想到”。 句意为“她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。”
（10江西）25 Parents _______ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A attach B pay C link D apply
答案：A
考点：考察动词词组。
解析：,attach importance to 关注.
26 Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just ______ sweet dreams.
A keep up with B put up with C end up with D catch up with
答案：C
考点：考察动词词组。
解析： keep up with 保持, put up with 忍受, end up with 以 为结束 catch up with 赶上。
29 We give dogs time, space and love we c an spare, and _____, dogs give us their all.
A in all B in fact C in short D in return
答案：D
考点：考察in的词组。
解析： in all 共计 in fact实际上 in short 简而言之 in return 以作为回报。
（10山东）27. Sam _____ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up
答案:C
考点：本题考查动词短语意义辨析。
解析：句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”表示“学会”用pick up; pick up另外还有“捡起; 顺车接送,搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等义；bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看；（形势）好转，改善；查阅”；set up表示“建立，设置；造成，产生”。
31. Your house is always so neat?how do you ______ it with three children?
A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct
答案:A
考点：本题考查动词在具体语境中的使用。
解析：句意应为“你家里总是那么整洁-----家里有三个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的?” 表示“设法做成某事”用manage it。serve 表示“为……服务；接待”；adapt 表示“使适应，使适合”；construct表示“建造，构筑；构思”。
（10天津）11. Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and as a manager.
A. ended up B. dropped out C. came back D. started off
答案：A
考点：考查短语动词的用法。
句意：作为一名职员加入公司，他很快得到提升，最后当上了经理。
解析：ended up as 作为……而结束的意思；dropped out是“退出，退学”的意思；came back是“回来”的意思；started off是“动身，出发”的意思。只有A项符合题意。
1. He telephoned the travel agency to three air tickets to London.
A. order B. arrange C. take D. book
答案：D.
考点：考查动词意义。
句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。
解析：book和tickets搭配，是“订票”的意思。
（10四川）6. Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice.
A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes
答案：Ａ考点：考查系动词辨析。
解析：与上句中的eat with their eyes相对，后句应该为点看起来很好吃的东西。故正确答案为A。
8．Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man and left．
A．took up B．got up
C．shut up D．set up
答案：B考点：考查动词词组。
解析： get up意为“起床，起立”。句意为“Jenny正在找一个座位，正在那时，很幸运地，一个人站起来离开了。”故选B。1意为“从事，占据时间或空间”；C意为“闭嘴”；D意为“建造，搭起”。
（全国Ⅰ）22. The workers ______ the glasses and marked on each box “ This Side Up”
A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed
22题 答案：D
句意：工人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上“此面向上”。
解析：选项为四个意思上毫无关联的动词，此题考察动词的词义辨析。carry 译为搬运，deliver译为递送，press译为按，压，pack译为打包。
（10江苏）24. Thousands of foreigners were______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.
A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached
答案：C。
解析：表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海的世博会。
26. The experiment has_________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out
答案：C
解析：排除可能性。Find out是查找出 point out指出 carry out执行，实施
（10江苏）29. So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is________ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to
答案：B.
解析：far from 表示not at all . next to 表示仅次于 due to表示因为,由于
（陕西）14. You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _____ you, I suppose.
A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree about
答案：A.
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
解析：Agree with：同意，赞成；与……相适应；agree to：同意，赞成（观点，看法等）；agree on：就……达成协议；agree about：对...... 有相同的看法。题干意思是：你看上去很好。我认为：三亚的空气和海鲜很适合你。选A。
（10全国Ⅱ）8. My mother opened drawer to _________the knives and spoons.
A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together
答案：A
考点：考查动词词组辨析。
解析： put away 放好，收拾起来；put up举起，搭建，张贴，挂起； put on 穿上，戴上；put together 组装，装配，把…凑合起来
（湖北）28. Just as the clothes a person wears , the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality.
A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes
答案: C
考点：考查动词词义辨析
解析：“就好像一个人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样，一个人的住房也是如此。”要选一个表示“反映”的词，就是reflect . “resemble” = look like; “strengthen”表示“加强，巩固”；“shape”作动词表示“塑形”.
29. Had he her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.
A. looked up to B. lived up to
C. kept up with D. come up with
答案：B
考点：动词词组辨析
解析：湖北每年考试的单选最后两题通常比较难。该题的难点不仅仅在于这四个词组的辨析，更主要的是考生要读得懂这个句子的意思。该句是典型的虚拟语气， “if” 引导的非真实条件句的倒装句，描述的事于过去事实是相反的。“如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。”look up to（抬头看，尊重）keep up with（跟上，追上）come up with（追赶上；想出；提出），只有live up to（履行，实行）符合题意。
30. It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.
A. in preference to B. in place of
C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
答案：D
考点：词组辨析
解析：先理解短语的意思. In preference to（优先于）；in place of（代替）；in agreement with（同意，与…一致）；in exchange for（交换）。其实辨析这几个介词短语的难度不大，只需要认识每一个短语中的核心词preference, exchange, place, agreement的意思即可，猜测较为容易。
（10辽宁）28.Thousands of people _______ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on B．turned in C．turned around D．turned out
答案：D
句意：数千人出来观看昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。
解析：考查短语动词的用法。turn out 有“外出”的意思，而turn on 则是“打开”，turn in“上床睡觉, 上缴”等意思；turn around是“转身”的意思。只有turn out 符合语境。
32. The new movie _____to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time .
A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. declines
答案：A
句意：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。
解析：考查动词意义辨析。promise除了表示“允诺，答应”外，还有“有……的希望”的意思；agree是“同意，赞同”；pretend是“假装”；decline是“衰老，衰退”。只有promises符合题意。
（10浙江）4．The majority of people in the town strongly the plan to build a playground for children.
A．consider B．support
C．confirm D．submit
答案：B
考点：本题考查动词辨析。
解析：分析四个选项的意思：consider考虑，思考，认为等；support支持，拥护，维持；confirm证实，确认；submit使屈服，使经受。根据语境：镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建 造运动场的计划。
12．After that, he knew he could any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.
A．get away withB．get on with
C．get through D．get across
答案：C
考点：本题考查与get相关的短语辨析。
解析：分析四个选项的意思：get away with侥幸逃脱；get on with与……有好相处；get through接通，顺利通过，完成；get across被理解，越过。根据语境：经过那件事之后，他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。
（10上海）25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
A. between B. along C. below D. with
答案：B
考点：考察介词的用法
解析：根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。
（10天津）13. My father warned me going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.
A. by B. on C. for D. against
答案：D.
考点：考查介词用法。
句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。
解析：句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn sb. against doing sth. 相当于warn sb. not to do sth， 意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。
（10四川）5. Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree.
A. in B. below C. beside D. against
答案：D
考点：考查介词。
解析：句意为：“累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。”against此处意为：“倚着，靠着”；below“在……下方”；beside“在……旁边”；in“在……里面或（时间）……之后”。
（辽宁）31. I agree to his suggestion ______the condition that he drops all charges.
A. by B. in C. on D. to
答案：C
句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有指控。
解析：考查介词用法。介词on 和the condition that一起相当一个连词，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以……为条件”。
（北京）29. Would y ou mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are everyone's enjoyment.
A. in B. at C. for D. to
29. 答案：C
考点:本题考查enjoyment的习惯用语。
解析：for enjoyment为了寻求乐趣。例如：We work in the garden for enjoyment. 我们为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作。
（10重庆）22. The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money me.
A. byB. forC. inD. with
22. 答案：D
考点：考查介词。
解析： I don’t have enough money with me 意思是我没有随身带那么多钱。
（10浙江）7．I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just .
A．by nature B．in return
C．in case D．by chance
答案：C
考点：本题考查介词短语。
解析：分析四个选项的意思：by nature 天生地；in return作为回报，作为交换；in case 万一，以防；by chance偶然地。根据句意：我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事，但是以防万一，我再问你一次。
（2011全国卷I） 26．I can _____ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean．
A．come up withB．put up with C．turn toD．stick to
（同上）34．William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight Was beginning to ．
A．disappear B．fall C．fail D．damage
（2011全国卷II）9．If you don't like the drink you______ just leave it and try a different one．
A．ordered B．are ordering C．will order D．had ordered
（2011全国卷II）10．Mary, I _____John of his promise to help you．
A．told B．reminded C．warned D．advised
（2011湖北卷）（2011湖北卷）26．Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _______our thinking．
A．directB．limitC．changeD．improve
（2011湖北卷）27．The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never ________ with criminals．”
A．negotiateB．quarrelC．argue D．consult
（2011湖北卷）28．Clinical evidence began to _______, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals．
A．operateB．strengthen C．approve D．accumulate
（2011湖北卷）29．The government has taken measures to ______ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable．
A．take downB．bring downC．hand downD．tear down
（2011山东卷） 25．They are broadening the bridge to ______ the flow of traffic．
A．put off B．speed up C．turn on D．work out
（2011江西卷）35．You can’t predict everything．Often things don’t _____ as you expect．
A．run outB．break outC．work outD．put out[来源:Zxxk.Com]
（2011江苏卷）28．?Are you still mad at her?
?Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me．
A．deny B．refuse C．reject D．decline
（2011江苏卷）30．?You look upset．What’s the matter?
?I had my proposal _____ again．
A．turned over B．turned on C．turned off D．turned down
（2011安徽卷）21．As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered．
A．begins B．happens C．ends D．develops
（2011安徽卷）34．If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price．
A．come across B．care about
C．look for D．focus upon
（2011浙江卷）12．He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______ at a hotel for the night．
A．putting down B．putting off C．putting on D．putting up
（2011福建卷）28．I’d prefer to____ my judgement until I find all the evidence．
A．show B．express C．pass D．reserve
（2011福建卷）31．Born into a family with three brothers, David was____ to value the sense of sharing．
A．brought up B．turned down C．looked after D．held back
（2011四川卷）7．To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test．
A．go over B．get over C．turn over D．take over
（2011四川卷）14．I often _____ the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet．
A．look up B．look at C．look for D．look into
（2011辽宁卷）22．What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're ______ to be asleep． ,
A．supposed B．known C．thought D．considered
（2011辽宁卷）24．You are old enough to _____ your own living．
A．win B．gain C．take D．earn
（2011辽宁卷）26．The exam results will be _____ on Friday afternoon．
A．put down B．put off C．put up D．put away
（2011天津卷）6．I _______ a bank account after I made?1 000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation．
A．borrowed B．opened C．entered D．ordered
（2011天津卷）8．She ________ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store．
A．turned down B．dealt with
C．took after D．came across
（2011陕西卷）25．Some insects ________the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves．
A．take in B．take off C．take on D．take out
（2011全国卷II）14．This shop will be closed for repairs ____ further notice．
A．with B．until C．for D．at
（2011北京卷）35．With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be take _________ color．
A．byB．forC．withD．in
（2011上海卷） 25．Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years．
A．throughB．upC．withD．from
（2011湖北卷）30．When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men．
A．in terms of B．in need of
C．in favor ofD．in praise of
（2011山东卷）30．I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy_____ the past couple of weeks．
A．beyondB．with C．among D．over
（2011安徽卷）25．Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek______ food safety problem．
A．in B．to C．on D．after
（2011浙江卷）5．I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______．
A．onB．forC．byD．of
（2011四川卷）8．Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there．
A．in B．for C．of D．on
（2011天津卷）11．He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects．
A．below B．of C．on D．above
（2011重庆卷）24．Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library．
A．in B．for C．by D．from
（2011江苏卷）32．We’d better discuss everything ______before we work out the plan．
A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time
（2011全国卷I） 30．The form cannot be signed by anyone ______ yourself．
A．rather than B．other than C．more than D．better than
（2011浙江卷）6．The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I’ll just have to ______it．
A．make the best ofB．get away from
C．keep an eye onD．catch up with
（2011福建卷）22．____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished．
A．Far from B．Apart from
C．Instead of D．Regardless of
巩固练习
1. I could tell the story much more easily if you don’t ____ so often.
A．break out B．break in C．break into D．break away
2．She ____ten dresses before she found one that fitted her．
A．tried with B．tried on C．tried out D．tried for
3．Last night a quarrel____ between the two brothers in our neighborhood．
A．broke out B．broke up C．broke away D．broke in
4．Our monitor was asked to ____the new textbooks．
A．give off B．give in C．give out D．give up
5．The experiment，though they had tried their best，____ to be a failure．
A．turned up B．turned out C．turned in D．turned on
6．Once he ____to do something，he will never change his mind．
A．set up B．set down C．set off D．set out
7．Three months have ____since I got here．
A．gone on B．gone by C．gone out D．gone down
8．The shop assistant ____a skirt for Joan to try on．
A．held out B．gave out C．send out D．handed out
9．The student____ his seat in the bus to an old woman．
A．gave away B．gave in C．gave up D．gave off
10．Can you ____what the teacher wrote on the blackboard?
A．make up B．make of C．make out D．make from
11．My study of biology has ____much of my spare time，but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment．
A．taken off B．taken down C．taken up D．taken away
12．Xiao Li didn’t ____in her lessons though she had been ill for a long time．
A．fall back B．fall behind C．fall off D．fall down
13．We shouldn’t ____any of our plan．
A．set out B．put out C．took out D．1et out
14．If you want to see the play，____your name on this piece of paper?
A．get down B．put down C．take down D. copy down
15．He went to the bookstore and____ two books for his daughter as a birthday present．
A．picked out B．picked up C．picked off D．took up
16． The teacher has a peculiar way of____ her students’ nervousness when they speak English．
A．breaking down B．going over C．taking off D．giving away
17． At times the balance in nature is ____，resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects．
A．troubled B．confused C．disturbed D．puzzled
18．一So how is your new roommate?
一She really____．She's always making loud noises at mid-night and when I remind her，she always makes rude remarks．
A．turns me over B．turns me down C．turns me off D．turns me out
19． There's no beer left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to____．
A．go out B．go off C．go without D．go through
20． The film “A World without Thieves” ____a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema．
A．appreciated B．enjoyed C．won D．seized
21．We were ____for half all hour in the traffic and so we arrived late．
A．kept up B．held up C．cut up D．rounded up
22． Small as it is，the ant is as much as a creature as ____all other animals on earth．
A．are B．do C．is D．have
23．一How is the experiment getting on?
一That is the way it____. A．looks B．goes C．becomes D．gets
24． I was ____in the middle of my call because I had no more coins to put in the box．
A．cut off B．broken in C．hung up D．put down
25． Have you ever felt your cheeks get hot，your palms sweaty or been afraid to ____your teachers’ eyes when they are about to call on someone?
A．take on B．lookk into C．occur to D．look up
26． Traditionally，the young are used to doing what they are told，but then their ideas would ____in
their brain and not heard．
A．be locked B．be rooting C．be fastened D．be tying
27． After 15 years in the USA，he has finally decided to ____American citizenship．
A．concentrate on B．apply for C．look out for D．appeal to
28． She told me she wanted to ____her two o'clock appointment in order to take care of her sick husband. A．put down B．call off C．hang up D．take off
29．We hoped to be able to move into our new house at the end of the month，but things didn’t ____as we expected． A．work out B．move out C．carry out D．get out
30.Bad habits are easily ____while good ones are hard to develop．
A．kept up B．caught up C．drawn up D．picked up
31．一H0w do you like the roast chicken?---It ____ good．
A．turns B．tastes C．feels D．keeps
32． When moving to a new city，one often finds it not easy what to take and what to____．
A．1eave behind B．pass away C．bring in D．get across
33．一That’s a lovely dress．You look good in it．
一Really? Thank you．My aunt gave it to me for my birthday，but I don’t ____the color．
A．go in for B．care for C．feel about D．concern about
34．Please ____a situation where you can use the daily expressions．
A．come out B．take out C．make up D．turn up
35．The big strike of the workers would ____the production of cars for several months．
A．hold down B．hold on C．hold with D．hold up
36．Red ____against a white background．
A．stands in B．stands for C．stands out D．stands up
37． If you don’t want to fall behind others，you must ____current events．
A．keep track of B．keep track
C．keep touch with D．keep in touch
38． I need the money badly now and I have to ____ my car though I'm not at all willing to do so．
A．destroy B．sacrifice C．undertake D．guarantee
39． His eyes were ____Della，and there was ____ in them that she could not ____．
A．fixed on；expression；read
B．fixing upon；expression；believe
C．fixed on；an expression；find
D．fixed upon；an expression；understand
40．____hunting animals and birds for food， kooris ____roots and nuts．
A．Adding；got B．Add；gathered
C．In addition to；collected D．In addition to；gathered
41．Because of bad weather the plane was ____for half an hour．
A．put off B．postponed C．drawn out D．delayed
42．一could I leave my case here until it's time for my train?
一Yes，of course．I'll ____it．
A．send Someone for B．keep an eye on
C．make Use of D．take a look at
43．The world ____seven continents and four oceans．
A．makes up of B．makes out of
C．is consisted of D．consists of
44．I always have so many things to ____when I come into the office after a trip abroad．
A．add to B．contribute to C．attend to D．appeal to
45． He worked hard before the college entrance examination，and it ____．His dream to go to college came true．
A. showed off B．paid off C．put off D．took off
46. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to____.
A．make it out B．make it off C．make it up D．make it over
47. If anybody calls，tell them I'm out，and ask them to ____ their name and address．
A．pass B．write C．take D．1eave
48.The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ____their parents’ silver wedding．
A．celebrate B．memorize C．congratulate D．welcome
49．Joe Jones，the eldest of the eight children，had to ____out of high school at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm． A．1eave B．drop C．fall D．go
50. Words．____ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning
house．A．failed B．1eft C．discouraged D．disappointed
51．’一He was in hospital for six months．He felt as if he was ____from the outside world．
A．cut 0ut B．cut off C．cut up D．cut through
52. ?How about eight o'clock outside the cinema? ---That ____ me fine．
A．fits B．meets C．satisfies D．suits
53. Happy birthday，Alice! So you have _____ twenty?one already!
A．become B．turned C．grown D．passed
54．They see you as something of a worrier，____ problems which don’t exist and c rossing bridges long before you
come to them． A．settling B．discovering C．seeing D．designing--
55．一How do you _____ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
一I think we’d better fly there．It’s much more comfortable．
A．insist B．want C．suppose D．suggest
56. It is certain that he will _______ his business to his son when he gets old．
A．take over B．think over C．hand over D．go over
57. 一If you are feeling so tired，perhaps a little sleep would ____ ．
A．act B．help C．serve D．1ast
58．It’s ten years since the scientist ____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical．
A．made for B．set out C． took off D．turned up
59．A man is being questioned in relation to the _____ murder last night．
A．advised B．attended C．attempted D．admitted
60．He accidentally ____ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks．
A．1et out B．took care C．made sure D．made out
61．They’ve ____ us￡150，000 for the house．Shall we take it?
A．provided B．supplied C．shown D．offered
62. We have to _____ the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way．
A．get away B．get across C．get through D get in
63.Once a decision has been made，all of us should _____ it．
A．direct to B．stick to C．1ead to D．refer to
64.一Will $200 _____ ? 一I’m afraid not．We need at least 50 more dollars．
A．count B．satisfy C．fit D．do
65. John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been _____ by a heavy storm．
A．kept B．stopped C．slowed D．delayed
66.In some western countries，demand for graduates from MBA courses has _____．
A．turned down B．turned over C．fallen down D．fallen over
67．The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and _____ only thirty minutes．
A．keeps B．continues C．finishes D．1asts
68. Before building a house，you will have to _____ the government’s permission．
A．get from B．follow C．receive D．ask for
69. 一Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday．Have you got it?--
Oh．really! I haven’t _____ my mailbox yet．
A．examined B．reviewed C．tested D．checked
70. John is leaving for London tomorrow and 1 will _____ him _____ at the airport．
A．send：away B．1eave；off C．see：off D．show；around
71. If anyone happens to drop in while I am out，_____ him or her leave a message．
A．have B．get C．ask D．tell
72. We went to Canada to travel and my cousin _____ as our guide．
A．played B．showed C．acted D．performed
73. They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to _____．
A．spare B．catch C．1cave D．make
74. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _____ his notes．
A．bringing up B．referring to C．looking for D．trying on
75. 一0w! I've burnt myself! 一How did you do that?
一I _____ a hot pot．
A．touched B．kept C．felt D．held
76. He is such a man who is always _____ fault with other people．
A．putting B．seeking C．finding D．looking for
77. Modern plastics can _____ very high and very low temperatures．
A．stand B．hold C．carry D．support
78. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _____ yesterday?
A．tried on B．put on C．had on D．pulled on
79. Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself，but her parents did not _____ her to do so．
A. forbid B．allow C．follow D．ask
80．We _____ the last bus and didn’t have any money for taxi．so we had to walk home．
A．reached B．lost C．missed D．caught
81．Mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had _____ his leg．
A．damaged B．hurt C．hit D．struck
82．We want to rent a bus which can _____ 40 people for our trip to Beijing．
A．load B．hold C．fill D．support
83. 一How are you managing to do your work without all assistant?
---Well，I _____ somehow．
A．get along B．come on C．watch out D．set off
84. She _____ Japanese when she was in Japan．Now she can speak it freely．
A．picked out B．made out C．made up D．picked up
85. 一One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to _____ healthy eating habits．
A．grow B．develop C．increase D．raise
86. The building around the corner caught fire last night．The police are now _____ the matter．
A．seeing through B．working out
C．looking into D．watching over
87. It was already past midnight and only three young men _____ in the tea house．
A．left B．remained C．delayed D．deserted
88. 一Four dollars a pair ? I think it's a bit too much．--
一If you buy three pairs，the price for each will _____ to three fifty．
A．come down B．take down C．turn over D．go over
89. After he retired from office．Rogers _____ painting for a while，but soon lost interest．
A．took up B．saved up C．kept up D．drew up
90.If your race car isn’t insured, you may _____ losing everything when it hits something solid．
A．delay B．deny C．avoid D．risk
Key: BBACB DBACC CBDBA
ACCCB BABAB ABBAD
BABCD CABDD DBDCB
ADABA BDBCD CBBCA
DDBDD CDDDC ACABA
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