知识详解
① fit adj. 适合的;健康的,强健的;能胜任的,合格的
v. 适合,使(衣服)合身,使适应,使合格,使胜任
(回归课本P52)...I take a lot of exercise and am very fit.
……我锻炼很多,身体很健康。
【归纳总结】
①Keep fit,study hard and work well.
身体好,学习好,工作好。
②He’s been ill and isn’t fit for work yet.
他一直在生病,尚不能工作。
③The water in this river isn’t fit to drink.
这条河中的水不适合饮用。
④This jacket fits her well.这件夹克非常适合她。
【例句探源】
match,suit,go with,agree with,fit
(1)match“和……匹配,适合”,多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
(2)suit“适合(常指衣服颜色、样式适合某人);适宜”,还可表示“合某人的意(在口语中)”。
(3)go with“和……相配;相称”,基本相当于match的用法,但着重强调同步材料的匹配。
(4)agree with“适合(常用于否定句);相一致”。
(5)fit“适合(常指衣服尺寸适合某人);称职”。
【易混辨析】
①His clothes don’t match his age.
②Does the time suit you?
③The new coat fits her well.It is neither too big nor too small.
④His story agrees_with the fact.
⑤I’d like to buy some tapes to go_with the book.
1.(高考山东卷)Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to________,so she left.
A.show off B.go up
C.fit in D.come over
解析:选C。考查动词短语。show off“炫耀,使突出”;go up“上涨,提高,增加”;fit in“相处融洽,合得来”;come over“过来,顺便拜访”。句意:艾米参加了一个绘画组,但是似乎(和那些人)合不来,所以她又退了出来。显然C项符合句意。
【即境活用】
2.Her shoes________her dress;they look very well together.
A.suit B.fit
C.compare D.match
解析:选D。句意是:她的鞋子与她的裙子相配,它们穿在一起很好看。此句要用match表示“与……相配”。suit后宾语往往是人;fit的宾语也是人;compare指“相比”。
② rarely adv. 稀少地;极少地
(回归课本P52)I rarely get toothache.
我很少牙疼。
【归纳总结】
(1)rarely 为否定词,位于句首时句子应用部分倒装。类似,的词还有:hardly,scarcely,seldom,never,little等。,(2)rare adj.稀少的;罕有的,其反义词为common。
【例句探源】
①The truth is rarely pure and never simple.
真理很少是纯粹的,更不会是简单的。
②This method is rarely used in modern laboratories.
=Rarely is this method used in modern laboratories.
现代实验室里很少使用这种方法。
3.?How was the televised debate last night?
?Super!Rarely________so much media attention.
A.a debate attracted B.did a debate attract
C.a debate did attract D.attracted a debate
解析:选B。答句的句意是:好极了!很少有一次电视辩论会引起媒体的广泛注意。rarely提到句首,句子要用部分倒装语序,把助动词did提到主语a debate前面。
【即境活用】
③ pain n. 疼痛;痛苦;辛苦,努力(用复数)
vt. 使痛苦 vi. 感到疼痛
(回归课本P52)The injury was quite painful...
受伤处非常疼……
【归纳总结】
with great pain 煞费苦心地
in pain疼痛,在苦恼中
have a pain/pains in the head 头疼
be at pains 辛苦地做,下苦功做……
take pains 尽力,费苦心,下苦功
spare no pains 不遗余力,全力以赴,不辞劳苦painful adj.令人痛苦的,疼痛的
【例句探源】
①No pains, no gains.(谚语)不劳无获。
②Take these tablets if you are in pain.
要是疼痛就服下这些药。
③He spared no pains to bring up the child.
他不辞辛苦养育那小孩。
④It pains me to see you living this way.
看到你这样生活,我很痛心。
⑤She took great pains to learn a foreign language well.
她努力地学好一门外语。
4.?It took me ten years to build up my business,and it almost killed me.
?Well,you know what they say.________.
A.There is no smoke without fire
B.Practice makes perfect
C.All roads lead to Rome
D.No pains,no gains
解析:选 D。由第一句话“It took me ten years to build up my business” 可知,有付出才有收获,故D项正确。
【即境活用】
④ anxious adj. 忧虑的,不安的;挂念的;渴望的,急切的
(回归课本P2)Why is Zhou Kai’s mother anxious?
周凯的妈妈为什么担心?
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
① She is still absent. I’m anxious about her health.
她依然缺课,我实在担心她的健康。
②She was anxious for them all to leave the classroom.
她渴望他们全都离开教室。
③(朗文P67)Peggy is anxious to show that she can cope with extra responsibility.
佩吉急切地想表明她能承担额外的职责。
④The mother was filled with anxiety about her daughter’s health.
母亲为女儿的健康忧心忡忡。
⑤He is anxiously watching for his friend.
他急切地等着他的朋友。
5.Our parents always get a little bit________ if we don’t manage to arrive when we say we will.
A.eager B.anxious
C.patient D.earnest
解析:选B。get a little bit anxious“感到有点焦急、担心。”
6.完成句子
I ______________________________ when they didn’t come back home from school.
孩子们放学后没有回家,我非常担心。
答案:was anxious about the children
【即境活用】
⑤ would rather 宁愿
(回归课本P2)A lot of my school friends eat sweets every day but I’m lucky because I don’t have a sweet tooth?I’d rather eat a nice piece of fruit.
我很多校友每天都吃糖果,幸运的是我不喜欢甜食??我宁愿吃一块可口的水果。
(1)would rather (not)do sth.宁愿/想做(不做)某事 (2)would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A不愿做B (3)would rather (not)have done sth.宁愿/希望做过
(没做过)某事。表达的愿望与事实相反。
(4)would rather+that?clause宁愿/希望……;从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,表达对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时,对过去的愿望用过去完成时。prefer doing sth./to do sth.宁愿做某事
prefer doing A to doing B=prefer to do A rather than do B=would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A而不愿意做B
【归纳总结】
①We would rather listen to some fairly quiet and peaceful music.
我们宁愿听点儿稍微恬静柔和的音乐。
②I would rather not go out ,if you don’t mind.
如果你不介意的话,今晚我不想外出了。
③I would rather walk than take a bus.
我宁愿走路也不愿坐公共汽车。
【例句探源】
④She would rather have met him when she was young.
她真希望在年轻时就遇到他。
⑤I would rather not have lent her my car.
我真希望自己当初没有把车借给她。
⑥We would rather you came tomorrow.
我们宁愿你明天来。
⑦I’d rather he hadn’t done it.
我真希望他没干过那件事。
【即境活用】
7.(高考江苏卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I’d rather he________more on its culture.
A.focus B.focused
C.would focus D.had focused
解析:选B。句意:乔治打算谈论本国的地理,但是我宁愿他把话题多集中于文化上。本题考查虚拟语气。would rather后加从句,如果表示过去的动作应用过去完成时态,如果表示现在或将来的动作则用过去时态。根据句意可知答案为B项。
8.?Will you join us in the game?
?Thank you,________.
A.but why not B.but I’d rather not
C.and I won’t D.and I’ll join
解析:选B。本题考查情景交际。若同意参加,直接用Thank you就可以了;若不想参加,常用but来解释原因,因此选择B项。
⑥ begin with 以……开始
(回归课本P9) Begin with some information about yourself.
以你自己的一些情况开始。
【归纳总结】
①The English alphabet begins with ‘A’ and ends with ‘Z’.
英文字母表从A开始,以Z结束。
②To begin with,it is important to create a positive attitude.
首先,要有一个积极的态度,这点很重要。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
9.完成句子
(1)I can’t come.____________, I don’t feel well.Besides,I don’t have much money.
我不能来。首先是因为身体不舒服,其次我也没有太多钱。
答案:To begin with
(2)The teacher ____________a joke.
老师上课前先讲了个笑话。
答案:began his lesson with
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 But that’s because I was stupid enough to play football in the rain.(P3)
但那是因为我太傻了,竟然在雨中踢足球。
【句法分析】This/That/It is because...为表语从句的常用句型结构。表示“这/那是因为……”的意思。
That’s why...那是……的原因
That’s how...那是如何……
That is when...那是……的时候
That is where...那是……的地方
①That’s how he made a living when he stayed in London.
那就是他在伦敦逗留期间如何谋生的。
②That was because World War Ⅱ broke out.
那是因为二战爆发了。
③That’s why we see the colours spread out like a rainbow.
那是为什么我们看到颜色像彩虹一样扩散开的原因。
④Some people don’t want to get vaccinated,that’s because they think the tests aren’t complete.
一些人不想接种流感疫苗,那是因为他们认为相关的药物测试还不健全。
10.(高考江苏卷)?I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
?That’s__________I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.
A.where B.how
C.when D.what
解析:选A。句意:??每逢周日,我更喜欢整天都待在屋里听音乐。??那就是我不同意的地方,你应该过一种更加积极的生活。本题考查名词性从句。agree为不及物动词,不能直接加宾语,故排除what ;when表示时间,how表示方式,where表示具体地点或抽象地点,根据句意可知此处应用where引导表语从句。
【即境活用】
11.Why not try your luck downtown,Bob? That’s__________the best jobs are.
A.where B.what
C.when D.why
解析:选A。句意:为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢,鲍勃?在那个地方有最好的工作。句中的downtown是地点状语,where在此引导一个表语从句,在从句中作状语。
② 【教材原句】 Go to bed now or you’ll be really tired tomorrow.(P4)
现在上床休息吧,否则明天你会很累的。
Take more exercise and you’ll get/become really fit.(P4)
多进行体育锻炼,你就会真正身体健康。
【句法分析】 “祈使句+and/or+并列分句”是高考常考句型,其特点是祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句,并列分句表示结果。如果条件与结果一致,连词用and;如果条件与结果不一致,连词用or, otherwise或or else。该句型中的祈使句有时可以省略为名词词组,句子意思基本不变。
①Get up early and you will have time to take exercise.
早上起早点,你就会有时间进行锻炼。
②Hurry up,or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up,you’ll be late.快点,否则你就会迟到。
③More healthy food ,or you’ll break down early or late.
多吃健康食品,不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。
12.(高考四川卷)If you have a job, ________yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
A.do devote B.don’t devote
C.devoting D.not devoting
解析:选A。句意:如果你有工作并全身心地投入,那么最终你会成功的。本题考查祈使句式及动词的强调。由句意可排除表示否定意义的B、D两项;再分析句子结构可知逗号后和and之前的部分须是完整的句子,C项为现在分词,被排除;A项填入后构成了祈使句,do是对动词原形进行强调,故A正确。
【即境活用】
13.Follow the road until you come to the post office,________you will find the library around the corner.
A.and B.or C.so D.but
解析:选A。本题为“祈使句+and+分句”结构,分句的谓语动词常用一般将来时。句意:顺着马路走到邮局,你在拐弯处就能看到图书馆。
14.句型转换
(1)If you use your head,you will find a way.
=_________your head,_________you will find a way.
答案:Use;and
(2)Hurry up,or you’ll be late.
=You’ll be late ________ you hurry up.
答案:unless
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