Ⅰ.重点单词聚焦
1．Bob earned his________(船费) on an English boat when he traveled to China.
答案： passage
2．Usain Bolt set an________(难以置信的) world record in the 100meter race at the Beijing Olympics.
答案： unbelievable
3．We missed the first few________(场景) of the play because we were caught in a traffic jam.
答案： scenes
4．It wasn’t your________(过错)．You needn’t apologize to him.
答案： fault
5．The job is not tiring at all.On the________(相反)，it’s very relaxing.
答案： contrary
6．By law，youth under eighteen are not________(允许) to enter Net bars.
答案： permitted
7．These children are very naughty，so you need________(耐心) to deal with them.
答案： patience
8．Good________(态度，举止) are a very important key to your social success.
答案： manners
9．I don’t like to talk with him；he has a very________(粗鲁的) manner.
答案： rude
10．Recent pressure at work may________(解释) for his strange behavior.
答案： account
Ⅱ.重点短语扫描
1． accident/chance 偶然；无意中；不小心
2．stare at 盯着看；凝视
3．account 导致；做出解释
4． rags 衣衫褴褛
5． for/to 关于；至于
6．bring 抚养；培养；教育；提出
7．go 前进；可以；往下说
8．on the 与此相反；正相反
9．to be 说实话
10．take a 冒险
11．from the of one’s heart 从心底
12．take one’s 点菜
by
for
in
as
up
ahead
contrary
honest
chance
bottom
order
Ⅲ.课文原句突破
1．快到黄昏的时候，我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了大海上。
Well，towards nightfall I________ ________ ________ ________to sea by a strong wind.
答案： found myself carried out
2．第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。
The next morning I’d just about ________ ________ ________ for lost________ I was ________by a ship.
答案： given myself up；when；spotted
3．是那艘船把你带到英国来的。
And ________ ________ ________ ________ ________brought you to England.
答案： it was the ship that
4．事实上，我是靠做义工来顶替船费，这正是我为什么衣冠不整的原因。
________ ________ ________ ________I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.
答案： The fact is that
5．真的，先生，我希望您想来的时候，您就来。
Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll come here ________ you like.
答案： whenever
6．至于账单嘛，先生，请把它忘了吧。
________ ________ the bill，sir，please forget it.
答案： As for
scene n．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色；(电影，电视的)一个镜头；(事件发生的)地点
on the scene在现场；当场
appear/come on the scene出场；登场
behind the scenes在幕后；暗中
the scene of the accident事故现场
①Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.
那事故发生后不久记者们就赶到了现场。
②The happy scene of children playing in the garden disappeared，and it was quiet again.
孩子们在花园里高兴地玩得场面消失后，花园又安静下来。
③The students were able to go behind the scenes to see how programmes are made.
学生们可以到后台去看看节目是怎么制作出来的。
④They rushed to the scene of the traffic accident.
他们火速赶到车祸的现场。
辨析：scene，scenery与view
(1)scene指都市景观或室内陈设，还可指舞台场面或部分布景，是可数名词。
(2)scenery指山河湖海等自然景观，也可指舞台全部，是不可数名词。
(3)view指从远处或高处看到的风景。
1.用scene，scenery与view填空：
(1)When I was a little boy，I lived in a small fishing village.The visit to the village reminded me of the________of my childhood.
(2)On the top of Mount Tai，you can get a wonderful________of the sunrise.
(3)We passed through some beautiful________on our journey through this district.
答案： (1)scene (2)view (3)scenery
permit v．允许；容许；许可；n.许可证；执照；通行证
教材原句P18：Permit me to lead the way，sir.
先生，请让我来带路吧。
①Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.
参观者请勿拍照。
②After the law was passed，the prisoners in that state are permitted two hours’ outdoor exercise a day.此项法律通过后，那个州的犯人允许每天有两个小时的户外活动。
③My parents didn’t permit my going with you.
我父母不准我和你一起去。
④We’ll have a picnic in the woods，weather permitting.
如果天气好，我们将在树林里野餐。
2.(2014?宁夏银川一中高三月考)The local government announced that only when the fire was under control________to return to their homes.
A．the residents would be permitted
B．had the residents been permitted
C．would the residents be permitted
D．the residents had been permitted
解析： “only＋状语”位于句首要用部分倒装的结构，另外本句用了permit sb.to do的结构，其被动语态形式为sb.be permitted to do。
答案： C
fault n．责任；过错；缺点；vt.对……挑毛病
教材原句P18：It was all my fault.这都是我的错。
It’s one’s fault.是某人的错。
find fault in看出……的缺点，找出……的毛病
find fault with对……不满，挑剔
①I wonder how they got lost and whose fault it was.
我想知道他们是怎么迷路的，又是谁的过错。
②Somehow，people seem to think it’s my fault for letting him in.
不知怎的，人们似乎认为让他进来是我的过错。
③He is such a man who is always finding fault with other people.
他是一个总爱挑剔别人毛病的人。
3.完成句子
(1)我希望你不要再对我做的一切吹毛求疵了。
I wish you’d stop trying to ______________________I do.
(2)从你的文章里我找不到错误，它完美无瑕。
I can’t ________________________your paper.It is perfect.
答案： (1)find fault with everything (2)find fault in
spot vt.发现；认出；点缀；n.斑点；污点；地点
教材原句P18：The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘海船发现了我。
①I had just sat down to work when I spotted something moving on the wall.我刚刚坐下来工作就发现有东西在墙上挪动。
②He spotted a serious mistake in the accounts.
他在账目中发现了一个严重的错误。
③I easily spotted him in the crowd because he was very tall.
因为他个子非常高，我在人群中很容易就认出了他。
④I was on the spot when the accident happened.
事故发生时我在场。
⑤This is the very spot where the accident happened.
这就是事故发生的地点。
4.完成句子
When the man was trying to break into the bank，he________________________(当场被警察抓住)．
答案： was caught by the police on the spot
account vi.& vt.认为；说明；总计有；n.说明；理由；计算；账目；报道
教材原句P18：The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.
事实上我靠做义工来顶替船费，这就是我为什么衣冠不整的原因了。
①How do you account for your absence from school yesterday?
你如何解释你昨天没上学呢？
②On no account must employers make personal telephone calls from the office.
＝Employees must on no account make personal telephone calls from the office.雇员们决不允许在办公室打私人电话。
③His exam results were not very good，but we must take his long illness into account.
他的考试成绩不是很好，但我们必须考虑到他曾长期生病。
④The train was delayed on account of snow.
火车因下雪而延误了。
⑤He paid the money into his account.
他把钱存入他的账户里。
5.完成句子
缺钱是她辍学的原因。
____________________________her not continuing her studies.
答案： Lack of money accounts for
6．Since we are not wealthy now，we’d better take our daily expenses into________.
A．thought B．account
C．position D．effect
解析： 考查名词辨析。take...into account/consideration为固定搭配，表示“把……考虑进去”。thought思索，想法，观点；account账户，描述，报道；position位置，方位，境况，形势，(社会)地位，职务；effect结果，效果，影响。句意为：我们现在并不富裕，因此我们应把日常的花销考虑在内。
答案： B
bring up培养；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐
教材原句P17：He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.他在密西西比河边的密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。
①She has three young children to bring up on her own.
她独自一人要抚养三个孩子。
②Some people laughed at the idea when I first brought it up.
我第一次把这想法提出来时受到一些人的嘲笑。
③He was so sick that he brought up his lunch.
他病得很严重，以至于把吃的午饭都吐了出来。
bring about引起；产生；导致；带来
bring sth.back带回某物；使想起
bring down让……降下来；使倒下
bring forward提前
bring in引入
④The photographs brought back many pleasant memories.
那些照片给人带来很多美好的回忆。
⑤Science and technology has brought about many changes in our lives.科学技术给我们生活带来了诸多变化。
⑥He made every effort to bring down the cost of living.
他竭力降低生活费用。
7.His parents died when he was five years old，so he was________by his grandparents.
A．taken up B．given up
C．grown up D．brought up
解析： 此题考查词语辨析。句意为：他的父母在他五岁时去世，因此他由爷爷奶奶抚养大。take up占用；give up放弃；grow up长大；bring up抚养，抚育；带大。
答案： D
8．完成句子
The discussion came alive when an interesting topic__________________(引入)．
答案： was brought in
go ahead前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说
教材原句P18：Go right ahead.请问吧。
①Go ahead！I want to hear more about your plan.
往下说，我想知道更多你的计划。
②―I wonder if I could possibly use your car tonight.
――我今天晚上能不能用你的汽车？
―Sure，go ahead.I’m not using it anyhow.
――当然可以，用吧。反正我也不用。
go against违背，反对/对……不利(无被动式)
go around/round/about(疾病、消息等)传播
go by过去
go over审查；查阅；复习
go through遭受；经历；通过
go without没有……也行；将就……
③She went against her mother’s wishes.
她违背了她母亲的意愿。
④As time went by，I was made smaller.
随着岁月的流逝，我被做的越来越小。
⑤Smokers cannot go without cigarettes even a day.
吸烟者哪怕一天没有香烟都不行。
9.(全国高考)―Could I ask you a rather personal question?
―Sure，________.
A．pardon me B．go ahead
C．good idea D．forget it
解析： 句意为：――我可以问你一个私人问题吗？――当然可以，说吧。pardon me请再说一遍；go ahead干吧，说吧，用吧；good idea好主意；forget it没关系，不必在意；(表示不想重复说过的话)别提它了；住嘴。
答案： B
10．(陕西高考)―Could I use your computer for a few moments，please?
―________.I’m not using it myself.
A．Come on B．It depends
C．Go ahead D．That’s great
解析： 本题考查交际用语。由前置语境“我能不能用会儿你的电脑”以及后置语境“我自己现在不用”可知应选C项Go ahead用吧！去吧！干吧！而Come on加油，It depends看情况而定，That’s great太棒了，均不合题意。
答案： C
The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。
had just done...when...刚做完某事，这时……
be doing...when...正在做……这时……
be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
be on the point of doing...when...
正要做……这时……
①He had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
他刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
②He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.
他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。
③I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.
我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。
④She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.
她正要离开，这时我来了。
when用作连词，意为“既然”。
⑤How can they expect to learn anything when they never listen?
既然他们从不听讲，他们怎么能指望学到东西呢？
11.(2010?全国卷Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird.
A．when B．if
C．and D．till
解析： 句意为：汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。在句式“...be about to do when...”中，when作并列连词，相当于and at that time，句中was about to do为标志词，故答案为A项。
答案： A
12．(2009?福建卷)She had just finished her homework________her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
A．when B．while
C．after D．since
解析： 句意为：昨天她刚做完作业，她妈妈就让她练钢琴。when在本句中作并列连词，意为：and at that time。while作并列连词，表示“对比转折”；after为从属连词或介词，意为“在……之后”；since自从……时候，既然……。
答案： A
13．(四川高考)There were some chairs left over________everyone had sat down.
A．when B．until
C．that D．where
解析： 句意为：虽然所有人都坐下了，但还有一些椅子剩下。when放在句中时有even though之意。
答案： A
14．(辽宁高考)I used to love that film________I was a child，but I don’t feel it that way any more.
A．once B．when
C．since D．although
解析： 句意为：当我是个小孩的时候我曾经很喜欢那部电影，但现在我再也没有那种感觉了。A.一旦；B.当……的时候；C.自从……以来；既然；D.尽管，根据句意选B。
答案： B
Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.真的，先生， 我希望您想来的时候，您就来。
whenever意为“在任何时候，无论何时”。
(1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(3)however用作连接副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……；无论如何……”，具体结构为：however＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语。
①Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.
每当我们遇到困难的时候，他们都会帮助我们。
②However great the difficulties are，we must complete the task in time.不管困难有多大，我们都必须及时完成任务。
③Whatever your problems are，you mustn’t lose heart.
不管你面临的是什么问题，都不要失去信心。
④Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(whoever不能换成no matter who)无论谁触犯法律，都应受到惩罚。
whichever，whatever在句中还可作定语。
The content is the same whichever book you choose.
不管你选哪一本书，内容都是一样的。
15.(2010?上海卷)________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A．However a serious problem
B．What a serious problem
C．However serious a problem
D．What serious a problem
解析： 句意为：不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。考查状语从句。分析题干可知逗号前是让步状语从句，what不能用来引导状语从句，所以排除B、D两项；however＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＝whatever＋a/an＋adj.＋单数名词，故C项正确。
答案： C
Well，towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
哦，快到黄昏的时候，我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了大海上。
find oneself...发现自己处于某种境地，而且含有一种“在不知不觉中……”的意思。
①When day broke，we found ourselves in a small village at the foot of the mountain.
天亮时，我们发现自己来到了那座山脚下的一个小村子里。
②When he came to himself，he found himself lying in hospital.
当他醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。
③I found myself surrounded by a group of children.
我发现自己被一群孩子围住了。
④A group of children were found playing on the playground.
有人发现一群孩子正在操场上玩耍。
16.He found his son________by letters and papers and________very worried.
A．surrounding；looked
B．surrounded；looked
C．surrounding；looking
D．surrounded；looking
解析： 动词的过去分词充当宾补，表示被动；动词的现在分词充当宾补，表示主动。根据句意应选D。
答案： D
17．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.
A．smoke B．smoking
C．to smoke D．smoked
解析： 句意为：如果发现厨师在厨房里吸烟，他将马上被解雇。本题考查的是“find＋宾语＋宾补”的结构，主语补足语的选择与宾语补足语的选择方法相同。由“发现厨师在厨房里吸烟”，可知“厨师”与“吸烟”之间在逻辑上是主谓关系(或主动关系)且强调“吸烟”这一动作正在进行之中。所以smoking是最佳答案。
答案： B
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．His grandmother and his father______________________(将他抚养成人)．
答案： brought him up
2．I’ll see you after the meeting__________________(如果时间允许的话)．
答案： if time permits
3．__________________________(我偶然碰见她) in the street.
答案： I met her by accident
4．He lifted his head and______________________(盯着她看)．
答案： stared at her
5．Even in New York you still see______________________(很多人穿得破破烂烂)．
答案： many people in rags
6．__________________(关于我的过去)，I’m not telling you anything.
答案： As for/to my past
7．Though，he was told it was hard to find job there，he still decided to______________(冒险)．
答案： take a chance/risk
8．You didn’t bother me.__________________(相反) I like your company.
答案： On the contrary
Ⅱ.巧思妙解
1．(2009?陕西卷)The howto book can be of help to________wants to do the job.
A．who B．whomever
C．no matter who D．whoever
解析： 句意为：指南类的书对想从事这项工作的任何人都会有帮助。本题考查名词性从句。首先排除C项，no matter who只能引导状语从句；who表特指；whomever与whoever同样可以表示任何人，但设空处连接代词需作宾语从句的主语，故排除B项。
答案： D
2．(浙江高考)________wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
A．Anyone B．The one
C．Whoever D．Who
解析： 句意为：任何一个想住在旅馆里的人必须支付自己的费用。whoever此处引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who。anyone和the one后少who，who表特指，故被排除。
答案： C
3．(2014?东城第一学期检测)The magnificent tower must be saved，________the cost!
A．however B．whichever
C．whatever D．wherever
解析： 考查连词。该句是省略句，省略了谓语动词is，补充完整就是whatever the cost is，由此可以看出从句中缺少的是表语。whichever表示在特定范围内选择，而句中没有可供选择的范围，所以要用whatever，相当于no matter what，在此引导让步状语从句。
答案： C
4．(辽宁高考)________hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A．Whatever B．Whenever
C．Wherever D．However
解析： 句意为：无论我多饿，看来我都吃不了那大片面包。A.无论什么，常与名词连用或引导名词性从句；B.无论什么时候；C.无论在哪里；D.无论多么或怎样，常与形容词或副词连用，故选D。
答案： D
5．________we gave him something to eat，he would save it up for his little sister.
A．Whatever B．However
C．Whichever D．Whenever
解析： 考查连词。句意为：“无论何时我们给他东西吃，他总是留下一些给他小妹妹。”
答案： D
Ⅲ.语法专练
本单元语法――宾语从句和表语从句
1．(2014?安徽皖南八校联考)―You know，I’m poor in Chinese，you are not good at English，and...
―That’s________we should help each other.
A．when B．where
C．how D．what
解析： 考查名词性从句。where引导的从句作表语，where在句中的意思是“……的地方”。
答案： B
2．(2014?北京东城区期末)Water，which seems so simple and common，is________makes life possible.
A．what B．that
C．which D．how
解析： 考查表语从句。名词性从句的解题原则是“缺什么补什么”，此处表语从句“________makes life possible”中缺少“主语”，同时“主语”不表示“人”，用what(表示人时应该选用who)。
答案： A
3．(2014?北京海淀区期末)Sorry I’m so late，but you cannot imagine________great trouble I took to find your house.
A．what B．how
C．which D．why
解析： 考查宾语从句。take great trouble to do something表示“不辞辛劳地做某事”。在此，what引导的宾语从句同时是一个感叹句，what修饰名词trouble。而how在感叹句中修饰形容词或副词。
答案： A
4．(2010?成都毕业班诊断性检测)Professor Backman took up scientific research for decades，and this is________he devoted all his life to.
A．which B．what
C．where D．how
解析： 考查名词性从句。what引导表语从句且在从句中作介词to的宾语，表示“什么”。
答案： B
5．(2010?绵阳三诊)After five hours’ drive，they reached________they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.
A．where B．what
C．which D．that
解析： 考查宾语从句。句意为：驱车五个小时之后，他们来到了他们认为是他们一直梦寐以求的地方。句中what引导宾语从句，且作从句的主语，其中they thought是插入语。
答案： B
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