1.Humble, Lowly, Meek 谦卑
Humble: 主要指对自己或自己的地位、成就等表现得谦卑，自感低卑的。
Defeat and failure make people humble.
Lowly: 较文雅的用语, 指谦逊, 很少用以形容人。
He had a lowly heart.
Meek: 指性情温顺的 屈从他人的行为或意见
He is as meek as a lamb.
2.Damage: 主要指造成价值，效用，完整性方面的损坏。
The water they had thrown over everything to put out the fire damaged the books.
Harm: 强调带来损失，病痛或痛苦。
Though he knows clearly that smoking harms his health, he simply cannot give it up.
Hurt: 尤其指感情或身体遭受创伤。
My little boy fell off a ladder and hurt himself.
You hurt my feelings!
Injure: 一般常指不公正地对待或冤屈某人，即有意识地侵害别人的权利或毁坏别人的健康、成就等，也可以指外表、健康、安逸等遭受破坏
The gas polluted the 高中学习方法 surroundings and injured the health of workers and residents of the area.
Spoil: 强烈的毁坏 毁灭之意。指不仅造成价值，精力，兴致的损伤，还意味着可能造成某种毁灭或彻底破坏，也有宠坏的意思。
John joined the party and spoiled the pleasure of everyone by his impolite behavior.
3.Can & Be able to 都可以表示能够。
时态角度：can通常用来表示现在的一般能力。
而当表示将来能力时，一般用will be able to。
be able to 还表示要经过一番努力才能做到的事。
If I concentrate on the work, I'll be able to work out the problem.
I'll be able to speak French in another few months.
4.grateful to & grateful for 都表示感谢。
grateful to指 对……表示感激，其中的介词to表示对象，宾语通常是人或组织团体。
grateful for指 为……表示感激，其中的介词for表示原因，宾语通常是某一件事。
I'll be very grateful to you if you will give me an early answer.
We're grateful for all that you've done to us.
介词to和for可同时与grateful连用，to短语应置于for短语之前。
They were particularly grateful to us for our timely help.
5.exhausted, tired, tiresome 都与疲劳疲倦有关。
exhausted: 筋疲力尽的，疲惫不堪的，语气最强。形容人因劳累过度而再无剩余精力或耐力继续做某事。在句中可作表语 状语。当它形容物，如资源等时，意为耗尽。
I was too much exhausted to wake easily when once asleep.
tired:累的 疲倦的，普通用词，泛指由于工作紧张或其他原因导致的疲乏，也可表示 厌倦 不耐烦。
常用于短语be tired of (doing) sth. 厌倦做某事。
I'm sure you must be tired after cycling all that distance.
When I first got to U.S.A, I was tired of eating such kind of food as hamburger every day.
tiresome: 令人厌倦的 讨厌的，描写毫无趣味，易让人生厌的人或事物，也指单调重复的工作使人感到疲劳。
The difficulty of abstract statements made my learning very tiresome.
6.lonely, lonesome
lonely: 孤单的 寂寞的，更强调指渴望陪伴的孤独感受。
A lonely young sailor felt sorry for himself because his girlfriend no longer loved him.
He spent many lonely days on the deserted island before that attractive girl appeared.
lonesome : 无伴的 独居的，通常表达分别或丧偶后的孤寂卑凉，含义较为痛切。
The house she had always thought of as overcrowded was lonesome when her children grew up and went out on their own.
7.familiar with & familiar to 都表示 熟悉。
familiar to
介词to后接人称名词或代词的宾格形式。
This subject is familiar to us.
These are the rules that are familiar to everyone.
familiar with
介词with后接事物名词。
They are familiar with English.
We are all familiar with the three states of matter.
8.Glad & Happy & Pleased
glad为 高兴的 乐意的，指一时短暂的强烈喜悦，只用于人。只能作表语，不作定语，后接介词of短语，不定式或that从句。
I'm glad of your success in the games.
happy为 幸福的 高兴的，隐含一种强烈的满足感，可用于人或事物。它可作定语及表语，后可接介词 about, at, over, with短语及不定式或that从句。
The story has a happy end.
pleased为 喜悦的 满足的，指持续时间较长的喜悦，只能用于人。它多作表语，很少被用作定语，它的后面可接介词at, about, with短语，不定式或that从句。
There is nothing to be pleased about.
Mother was pleased with my full mark in arithmetic.
9.Base & Basis 表示 基础 基地。
We camped at the base of the mountain.
Our company's base is in New York , but we have extended many branches all around the world.
base用来指某物体的具体"基础"或底部的"支柱"。
What's the basis of your opinion?
We are willing to develop economic relations with all countries on the basis of mutual benefits.
basis则用来表示抽象意义上的"基础"，常用于比喻句。
10.fairly, quite, rather 都用来说明形容词和副词的程度。
Fairly 相当 还算，是这一组词中语气最轻的一个。
Quite 相当 或多或少地 在某种程度上，语气比fairly稍强。
Rather 相当 有点 颇，语气最强。
fairly只用于修饰褒义的形容词和副词。
She is fairly clever.
rather主要用于贬义
rather poor/bad/stupid/ugly
也可用在某些褒义的形容词和副词前，具有比fairly更强烈的褒义。
相当于very: rather good/ well/pretty /clever。
若在没有褒贬意义的词前用fairly，表示说话人赞同。
若用rather，则表示不赞同。
She is fairly tall for her age.
She is rather tall for her age.
rather可与too及比较级连用，而fairly和quite则不可。
My mother is rather better today.
quite和rather还可和动词连用，fairly则不可和动词连用。
This does not quite satisfy me.
I don't quite follow you.
They rather expected to win the match.
I rather like her.
quite和rather都可修饰名词，但须放在不定冠词前。
It's rather a pity.
当名词前有形容词时，quite和rather可放在不定冠词后，也可放在不定冠词前。
They had a quite good time. Or …quite a good time
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