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高考英语专题讲练五:动词的时态和语态

编辑: 路逍遥 关键词: 高考复习 来源: 记忆方法网

  动词的时态和语态

  【考点分析】

  1.对下列十种时态的考查:

  一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时  现在完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来时

  2.既考查时态又考查语态;

  3.考查动词的及物与不及物;

  4.考查主动形式表示被动意义;

  5.考查动词词组在被动语态中的介词问题;

  6.对被动语态习惯句型的考查。

  【知识点归纳】

  I.动词时态和语态的构成形式

  主动语态的构成

  一般现在时一般过去时

  do/does,( is/am/are )did,(was/were)

  现在进行时过去进行时

  is/am/are doingwas/were doing

  现在完成时过去完成时

  has/have donehad done

  现在完成进行时过去完成进行时

  has/have been doinghad been doing

  一般将来时过去将来时

  will/shall do

  is/am/are going to do

  is/am/are(about)to dowould/should do

  was/were going to do

  was/were(about)to do

  被动语态的构成

  一般现在时一般过去时

  is/am/are donewas/were done

  现在进行时过去进行时

  is/am/are being donewas/were being done

  现在完成时过去完成时

  has/have been donehad been done

  一般将来时过去将来时

  will/shall be done

  is/am/are going to be done

  is/am/are(about)to be donewould/should be done

  was/were going to be done

  was/were(about)to be done

  II.动词时态的用法

  1.一般现在时

  ①一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等;

  ②主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来;

  I’ll go there after I finish my work.

  If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.

  ③在以here,there开头的句子里,go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作;

  There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

  注意:近几年,对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰

  Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_____ the Pacific,and we met no storm.

  A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called

  虽然航海发生在过去,但是,海洋的名称不会因此而变化,所以要用一般现在时。

  2.现在进行时

  ①表示正在进行的动作;

  ②表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

  She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

  He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。

  My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

  ③代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。

  The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。

  The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

  ④与always, forever, constantly, continually连用,表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩,但并非强调动作正在进行;

  He is always helping others.他总是肯帮助他人。

  She is always forgetting something.她老是忘记某些事情。

  ⑤大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时。

  常见的有:

  ▲感觉类:look, smell, 高中数学 feel, sound, taste, see, hear

  ▲情感类:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear

  ▲心态类:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt

  ▲所有类:have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。

  3.现在完成时

  ①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作;

  I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.

  ②表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用;

  He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.

  ③表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”;

  表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”。

  —Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.

  —She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there.

  ④在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。

  When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.

  We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.

  注意:这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成, 如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生, 则不必用完成时;试比较:

  I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.

  She will call you when she gets home.

  ⑤短暂动词(即瞬间动词),join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,

  break out等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。

  要译“他参军已经三年了”不能说:He has joined the army three years.可采用:

  ▲“ago法”:He joined the army three years ago.

  ▲“延续法”:He has been in the army for three years.

  ▲“since法”:It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

  注意:没有包括“现在”在内或不是截至“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用, 但“in(over) the

  past/last+时间段”要与现在完成时连用。

  4.现在完成进行时

  ①用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作;

  He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.

  ②凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

  5.一般过去时

  ①表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或为;

  He often sang when he was a boy.

  He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend.

  ②用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。

  用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。

  I didn’t know you were here.(现在已经知道)

  Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.(“忘记带书”已成为过去的事了)

  这一用法考生要特别注意。

  注意:参看过去将来时的用法②。

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